Unit Two: Making inferences Support inferences with clues from the text and prior knowledge SAVE this file to your desktop or personal folder before using. Import this Power Point into Active Inspire to write on the slides using your Promethean Board. Unit 2: Making Inferences Supporting inferences with clues from the text and prior knowledge I can use talk to the text to hunt for clues in text to support an inference I can answer inference questions using my prior knowledge and clues from the text. I can justify the answer to an inference question Lesson Outcomes: TUESDAY, March 10, 2015 REMINDER: In your Pre Assessment, you saw a tool box. Today we will begin using some of the tools. Strategies Tool Box Talking to the Text Questioning Chunking Activating Prior Knowledge/ Making Connections Predicting Visualizing Identifying a problem/Using Fix Ups Summarizing Inferencing We all have to take tests where we are presented with a passage of text and we have to work our way through the multiple-choice problems that follow. For many people, understanding how to make an inference is the toughest part of these reading passages, because an inference in real life requires a bit of guessing. On a multiple-choice test, however, making an inference comes down to honing a few skills. Answering Inference Questions Step 1: Identify an Inference Question Step 2: Trust the Passage Step 3: Hunt for Clues Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices Step 5: Practice Last Week We learned Steps 1&2, now Lets learn Steps 3-5 Step 3: Hunt for Clues Your third step is to start hunting for clues supporting details, vocabulary, character's actions, descriptions, dialogue, and more to prove one of the inferences listed below the question. (Remember Step 2 Trust the passage: the correct answer will be in the passage just find the details in the passage to prove it) Skills for Answering Inference Questions Lets Practice Step 3 Together Based on the information in the passage, it could be suggested that the narrator believes Elsa's prior marriages to be: A. uncomfortable, but well-suited to Elsa B. satisfactory and dull to Elsa C. cold and damaging to Elsa D. awful, but worth it to Elsa Teacher Model Please work through this reading by talking to the text then answering the questions to make and support an inference Fill out your sheet while the teacher models. Based on the information in the passage, it could be suggested that the narrator believes Elsa's prior marriages to be: A. uncomfortable, but well-suited to Elsa B. satisfactory and dull to Elsa C. cold and damaging to Elsa D. awful, but worth it to Elsa The widow Elsa was as complete a contrast to her third husband, in everything but age, as can be conceived. Compelled to relinquish her first marriage after her husband died in the war, she married a man twice her years to whom she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common, and by whose death she was left in possession of a splendid fortune, though she gave it away to the church. Next, a southern gentleman, considerably younger than herself, to her hand in marriage, and carried her to Charleston, where, after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow. It would have been remarkable if any feeling had survived through such a life as Elsa's; it could not but be crushed and killed by the early disappointment of her first groom's demise, the icy duty of her second marriage, and the unkindness of her third husband, which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Lets Practice Step 3 Together To find clues that point to the correct answer, look for descriptions that would support the answer choices. Here are some of the descriptions of her marriages in the passage: "she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common" "after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow." "the icy duty of her second marriage and the unkindness of her third husband which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort." Teacher Model Please work through this reading by talking to the text then answering the questions to make and support an inference Fill out your sheet while the teacher models. Based on the information in the passage, it could be suggested that the narrator believes Elsa's prior marriages to be: A. uncomfortable, but well-suited to Elsa B. satisfactory and dull to Elsa C. cold and damaging to Elsa D. awful, but worth it to Elsa The widow Elsa was as complete a contrast to her third husband, in everything but age, as can be conceived. Compelled to relinquish her first marriage after her husband died in the war, she married a man twice her years to whom she became an exemplary wife despite their having nothing in common, and by whose death she was left in possession of a splendid fortune, though she gave it away to the church. Next, a southern gentleman, considerably younger than herself, to her hand in marriage, and carried her to Charleston, where, after many uncomfortable years, she found herself again a widow. It would have been remarkable if any feeling had survived through such a life as Elsa's; it could not but be crushed and killed by the early disappointment of her first groom's demise, the icy duty of her second marriage, and the unkindness of her third husband, which had inevitably driven her to connect the idea of his death with that of her comfort. Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple- choice question is to narrow down the answer choices. Skills for Answering Inference Questions Graphic Organizer Step 4. Narrow Down the Choices Paired Practice Answer/ Correct or IncorrectRationale A. Incorrect Because although the marriages certainly seem uncomfortable based on the clues, they were not well-suited to her as she had nothing in common with her second husband and wanted her third husband to die. B. Incorrect Using the clues from the passage, we can infer that nothing much was "satisfactory" to Elsa about her marriages C. Correct The marriages were cold and damaging. The passage states explicitly that her marriage was an "icy duty" and her third husband was "unkind." We also know that they were damaging because her feelings had been "crushed and killed" by her marriages. D. Incorrect Because nothing is stated or implied in the passage to prove that Elsa believed her marriages to be worth it in some way; in fact, we can infer that it wasn't worth it to her at all because she gave away the money from her second husband. Directions With a partner: Read through the text, talk to the text to make your thinking visible. Your talking should relate to whether or not the statement supports the correct answer. Underline the clues in the text that support the correct answer to the inference question. Then complete your graphic organizer by providing an explanation for each incorrect answer and a rationale for the correct answer Please work through this reading talking to the text and inferencing with a partner. Each person needs to fill out their own sheet. In the 1930s, why did author Zora Neale Hurston choose Eatonville, Florida, to be the first source for her collection of folklore? I was glad when somebody told me, You may go and collect Negro folklore. In a way, it would not be a new experience for me. When I pitched headforemost into the world I landed in the crib of Negroism. It was fitting me like a tight chemise. I couldn't see it for wearing it. It was only when I was off in college, away from my native surroundings, that I could stand off and look at my garment. Then I had to have the spy-glass of anthropology to look through. I was asked where I wanted to work and I said, Florida. Its a place that draws peopleNegroes from every Southern state and some from the North and West. So I knew that it was possible for me to get a cross section of the Negro South in one state. And then I realized that I felt new myself, so it looked sensible for me to choose familiar ground. I started in Eatonville, Florida, because I knew that the town was full of material and that I could get it without causing any hurt or harm. As early as I could remember, it was the habit of the men particularly to gather on the store porch in the evenings and swap stories. Even the women would stop and break a breath with them at times. As a child when I was sent down to the store, I'd drag out my leaving to hear more. Folklore is not as easy to collect as it sounds. The ideal source is where there are the fewest outside influences, but these people are reluctant at times to reveal that which the soul lives by. I knew that even I would have some hindrance among strangers. But here in Eatonville I knew everybody was going to help me. Based on the information in the passage, it is most reasonable to conclude that the authors life experiences caused her to: A.began to hate of her culture. B.desire to steal materials from Eatonville. C.learn to love anthropology. D.developed a greater understanding of self and culture. Please work through this reading talking to the text and inferencing with a partner. Each person needs to fill out their own sheet. In the 1930s, why did author Zora Neale Hurston choose Eatonville, Florida, to be the first source for her collection of folklore? I was glad when somebody told me, You may go and collect Negro folklore. In a way, it would not be a new experience for me. When I pitched headforemost into the world I landed in the crib of Negroism. It was fitting me like a tight chemise. I couldn't see it for wearing it. It was only when I was off in college, away from my native surroundings, that I could stand off and look at my garment. Then I had to have the spy-glass of anthropology to look through. I was asked where I wanted to work and I said, Florida. Its a place that draws peopleNegroes from every Southern state and some from the North and West. So I knew that it was possible for me to get a cross section of the Negro South in one state. And then I realized that I felt new myself, so it looked sensible for me to choose familiar ground. I started in Eatonville, Florida, because I knew that the town was full of material and that I could get it without causing any hurt or harm. As early as I could remember, it was the habit of the men particularly to gather on the store porch in the evenings and swap stories. Even the women would stop and break a breath with them at times. As a child when I was sent down to the store, I'd drag out my leaving to hear more. Folklore is not as easy to collect as it sounds. The ideal source is where there are the fewest outside influences, but these people are reluctant at times to reveal that which the soul lives by. I knew that even I would have some hindrance among strangers. But here in Eatonville I knew everybody was going to help me. Based on the information in the passage, it is most reasonable to conclude that the authors life experiences caused her to: A.began to hate of her culture. B.desire to steal materials from Eatonville. C.learn to love anthropology. D.developed a greater understanding of self and culture. Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple- choice question is to narrow down the answer choices. Skills for Answering Inference Questions Step 4 Complete Graphic Organizer Step 4. Narrow Down the Choices Paired Practice Answer/ Correct or IncorrectRationale A. B. C. D. How Did you Do? Based on the information in the passage, it is most reasonable to conclude that the authors life experiences caused her to: A. began to hate of her culture. B. desire to steal materials from Eatonville. C. learn to love anthropology. D. developed a greater understanding of self and culture. CORRECT USEFUL TOOL: Turn and talk Is useful for allowing students to discuss new learning and ideas with one another. It allows student reflect on, respond to, clarify, and retain what they just learned. It allows students the opportunity to learn from and teach one another. USEFUL TOOL: Now Lets Turn and talk Discuss with your partner. How hunting for clues in the text (step 3) and narrowing down your choices (step 4) helped you to answer the inference question correctly. If you didnt get the answer correct, discuss where the error may have occurred. You have 2 minutes to talk. Final Thoughts Today we began using reading skills to answer multiple choice inference questions I noticed... Next, we will continue to practice this skill with a partner, and then on our own. Unit 2: Making Inferences Supporting inferences with clues from the text and prior knowledge I can use talk to the text to hunt for clues in text to support an inference I can answer inference questions using my prior knowledge and clues from the text. I can justify the answer to an inference question Lesson Outcomes: THURSDAY, March 12, 2015 NEW TOOL REVIEW: Inferencing When you read, the author often expects you to make inferences. An inference is when you combine what you already know with clues from the text to make assumptions. Directions With a partner: Read through the text, talk to the text to make your thinking visible. Your talking should relate to whether or not the statement supports the correct answer. Underline the clues in the text that support the correct answer to the inference question. Then complete your graphic organizer by providing an explanation for each incorrect answer and a rationale for the correct answer Please work through this reading talking by to the text and inferencing with a partner. Each person needs to fill out their own sheet. In Atlanta, about 200 young demonstrators sat down in the middle of Peachtree Street, not far from the annual Martin Luther King's Birthday commemoration at Ebenezer Baptist Church, and briefly stopped the parade. In St. Louis, a group of protesters rushed the stage at a prayer service, bringing the event to a halt until the police arrived. In New York, there was a die-in outside Bloomingdales, in the heart of an upscale shopping area, while in Boston, similar die-ins took place on streets between Boston Common and the Public Garden and then in front of the Statehouse. The nations celebration of Dr. Kings birthday on Monday was punctuated by protest, as a new generation of activists, angered by the deaths of several unarmed African-Americans in confrontations with the police, demanded that the traditional holiday rituals of speechmaking, community service and prayer breakfasts give way to denunciations of injustice and inequality. The events that have happened have kind of diminished his dream a little bit, said Aleah Hutchinson, 17, who attended a King event in Athens, Ala., and won a local essay contest connected to the holiday. He wanted us all to work together in unity, but when certain events occur, like the events in Ferguson and the Trayvon Martin case, it kind of diminishes his dream a little bit because at that point, were not working together. The passage suggests that: A.Theres a new generation of activists who have stopped believing in Dr. Kings dream. B.teens want Dr. Kings birthday removed as a holiday C.theres a growing sentiment that Dr. Kings dream isnt being upheld D.protests are violent Please work through this reading talking by to the text and inferencing with a partner. Each person needs to fill out their own sheet. In Atlanta, about 200 young demonstrators sat down in the middle of Peachtree Street, not far from the annual Martin Luther King's Birthday commemoration at Ebenezer Baptist Church, and briefly stopped the parade. In St. Louis, a group of protesters rushed the stage at a prayer service, bringing the event to a halt until the police arrived. In New York, there was a die-in outside Bloomingdales, in the heart of an upscale shopping area, while in Boston, similar die-ins took place on streets between Boston Common and the Public Garden and then in front of the Statehouse. The nations celebration of Dr. Kings birthday on Monday was punctuated by protest, as a new generation of activists, angered by the deaths of several unarmed African-Americans in confrontations with the police, demanded that the traditional holiday rituals of speechmaking, community service and prayer breakfasts give way to denunciations of injustice and inequality. The events that have happened have kind of diminished his dream a little bit, said Aleah Hutchinson, 17, who attended a King event in Athens, Ala., and won a local essay contest connected to the holiday. He wanted us all to work together in unity, but when certain events occur, like the events in Ferguson and the Trayvon Martin case, it kind of diminishes his dream a little bit because at that point, were not working together. The passage suggests that: A.Theres a new generation of activists who have stopped believing in Dr. Kings dream. B.teens want Dr. Kings birthday removed as a holiday C.theres a growing sentiment that Dr. Kings dream isnt being upheld D.protests are violent Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple- choice question is to narrow down the answer choices. Skills for Answering Inference Questions Graphic Organizer Step 4. Narrow Down the Choices Paired Practice Answer/ Correct or IncorrectRationale A. B. C. D. How Did You Do? The passage suggests that: A. theres a new generation of activists who have stopped believing in Dr. Kings dream. B. teens want Dr. Kings birthday removed as a holiday. C. theres a growing sentiment that Dr. Kings dream isnt being upheld.(CORRECT) D. protests are violent. Please work through this reading talking by to the text and inferencing A young couple entered the restaurant in Andys view. They were holding hands. Andy sat back down in his chair. He felt sick. He turned and faced his father, who was eating xi. Whats the matter, son? asked his father. I thought you were going to the birthday party. Its too late. Are you sure? Andy nodded. He looked at the plate of xi. He wanted to bury his face in it. Hi, Andy. A voice came from behind. Andy looked up. He recognized the beautiful face, and he refused to meet her eyes. Hi, Jennifer, muttered Andy, looking at the floor. You didnt miss much, Andy. The party was dead. I was looking for you, hoping you could give me a ride home. Then I met Tim, and he was bored like me. And he said hed take me home. Andy, do you want to eat with us? Ill introduce you to Tim. Andy said, No, Im eating xi with my father. Well, Ill see you in school then, okay? Yeah. And Andy watched her socks move away from his view. Andy grabbed a chunk of xi. The rice and beans stuck to his fingernails. He placed the chunk in his mouth and pulled it away from his fingers with his teeth. There was a dry bitter taste. But nothing could be as bitter as he was, so he chewed some more. The bitterness faded as the xi became softer in his mouth, but it was still tasteless. He could hear the young couple talk and giggle. Their words and laughter and the sounds of his own chewing mixed into a sticky mess. The words were bitter and the laughter was tasteless, and once he began to understand this, he tasted the sweetness of xi. Andy enjoyed swallowing the sticky mess down. Andy swallowed everything down sweetness and bitterness and nothingness and what he thought was love. Based on the information in the passage, it can be most reasonably inferred that Andys eating xi: A.helps distract him from his disappointment. B.is something that he does not enjoy. C.is the only thing that matters to him on this night. D.makes him happy to see Tim and Jennifer. Step 4: Narrow Down the Choices The last step to making a correct inference on a multiple- choice question is to narrow down the answer choices. Skills for Answering Inference Questions Graphic Organizer Step 4. Narrow Down the Choices Paired Practice Answer/ Correct or IncorrectRationale A. B. C. D. How Did You Do? Based on the information in the passage, it can be most reasonably inferred that Andys eating xi: A. helps distract him from his disappointment. (CORRECT) B. is something that he does not enjoy. C. is the only thing that matters to him on this night. D. makes him happy to see Tim and Jennifer. USEFUL TOOL: Now Lets Turn and talk Explain your completed graphic organizer to a partner. You have 2 minutes to talk (1 min each). Final Thoughts Today we began used steps 3-5 to answer multiple choice inference questions I noticed... Next week, we will continue to practice this skill with a partner, and then on our own.