UNIT THREE

THEORITICAL BASES FOR TRANSCULTURAL NURSING CARE

CAMPINHA-BACOTE'S MODEL OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE

DR MAHMOUD MUSLEH

 INTRODUCTION

Campinha-Bacote’s framework of cultural competence is defined in the process of cultural competence in the delivery of the Health Care Services Model

In this model, cultural competence is viewed as a process, and not an endpoint, in which one continually strives to achieve the ability to effectively work within the context of an individual, family, or community from a diverse cultural-ethnic background

CONSTRUCTS OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE OF THE MODEL

1. Cultural awareness2. Cultural knowledge3. Cultural skills4. Cultural encounters5. Cultural desire

The five constructs have an interdependent relationship and all five constructs must be addressed  

Cultural Awareness

Is defined as the process of conducting self-examination of one’s own biases towards other cultures and the in-depth exploration of one’s cultural and professional background

Cultural awareness also involves being aware of the existence of documented racism in healthcare delivery

Cultural Knowledge

Is defined as the process in which the healthcare professional seeks and obtains a sound information base regarding the worldviews of different cultural and ethnic groups as well as biological variations, diseases and health conditions and variations in drug metabolism found among ethnic groups (Bio-cultural ecology)

Cultural Skill

Is the ability to conduct a cultural assessment to

collect relevant cultural data regarding the

client’s presenting problem as well as accurately

conducting a culturally-based physical

assessment.

Cultural Encounters

Is the process which encourages the healthcare

professional to directly engage in face-to-face

cultural interactions and other types of

encounters with clients from culturally diverse

backgrounds in order to modify existing beliefs

about a cultural group and to prevent possible

stereotyping.

Cultural Desire

Is the motivation of the healthcare professional to “want to” engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable, culturally skilful and seeking cultural encounters and not the “have to.”

Cultural desire is the spiritual and essential construct of cultural competence that provides the energy source and foundation for one’s journey towards cultural competence

Therefore, cultural competence can be depicted

as a volcano, which symbolically represents that

it is cultural desire that stimulates the process of

cultural competence

The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Health care Services Model is a model of cultural competence that defines cultural competence as:

“The process in which the nurse continuously strives to achieve the ability and availability to effectively work within the cultural context of a client individual, family or community"

The nurse may have recognized this incompetence by attending workshops on cultural diversity, reading articles or books on the topic, or having direct cross-cultural experiences with patients from culturally diverse backgrounds

These nurses possess "the ‘know that’ knowledge, but not the ‘know how’ knowledge“

APPLYING THE MODEL

This model is useful in caring for all people, because in reality we all belong to the same race THE HUMAN RACE, with all the same basic needs

However, it is important to remember that these needs may be expressed differently, and that "quality health care services" may mean something different for each patient

Nurse educators can assist nursing students in acquiring cultural competence using the model created by Campinha-Bacote entitled "The Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services: A Culturally Competent Model of Care".

The model contributes to the development of cultural competence in the nursing profession by providing a concrete guide that is useful for teaching and implementing cultural competence in nursing education and practice

Literature has shown that this model was also utilized in the development of the transcultural nursing standards