ghlj;jpl;lj;ij jahhpj;jy;Kd;Diu :

xU ntw;wpfukhd rpwe;j fw;gpj;jYf;Fj; jpl;lkpLjy; mtrpakhFk;. ghlj;jpl;lk;

MrphpaUf;F mtH nry;y Ntz;ba jpiria fhl;LfpwJ.

MrphpaUf;F ,J xU topfhl;bahf ,Ue;J tFg;giwapy; vd;dndd;d mDgtq;fs; epfo Ntz;Lk;

vd;gij mtH kdjpy; czu cjTfpd;wJ.

xU ghlj;jpl;lj;ijr; rpwg;ghf jahhpf;f khztHfspd; cly; tsH;r;rp, mwpT KjpHr;rp MHtq;fs;

jpwikfs; Mfpait gw;wpa mwpTk; MrphpaUf;F mtrpakhFk;. ghlj;jpl;lk; vd;gjd; tiuaiw (Definition of Lesson Plan) gh];]pq; :-

“ghlj;jpl;lk; vd;gJ xU ehspy; Mrphpahpd; topfhl;lYld; khztd; milfpd;w nghJthd

kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghd Fwpf;Nfhs;fisAk; mtw;iw miltjw;Fhpa Fwpg;gpl;l topfisAk;

Kiwahf mikj;jpl xU jpl;lk;” vd;W $Wfpd;whH. rhd;lH];:-

“ghlj;jpl;lk; vd;gJ xU nray; jpl;lkhFk;. mJ Mrphpahpd; jj;Jt mwpT khztHfs;

gw;wpa mwpT fw;gpj;jy; Nehf;fq;fs; fw;gpf;f Ntz;ba ghlf;fUj;Jf;fs; nghUj;jkhd

fw;gpj;jy; Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;w jpwik Mfpa ahtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpaJ” vd;W

$Wfpd;whH. (caphpay;) Fl; :-

ghlf;Fwpg;G vd;gJ “ghlj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gFjpfis thpirf;fpukkhf mikj;J

khztHfSf;F fw;gpj;jiy toq;Fk; nray; vd;W $WfpwhH.ny];rH.B

ny];rH B vd;gtH ghlf; Fwpg;gpid “nraYf;fhd jpl;lk; (Plan of Action) vd;W

tiuaWf;fpwhH. (Physical Science) L. Urwick

jpl;lkpLjy; vd;gJ Cfpg;gjw;F gjpyhf vg;gb nray;gl Ntz;Lk;. vg;gb khztHfSf;F

njspTgLj;JtJ vd;gij Kd;Ng Nahrpj;J mjw;F Njitahd mbg;gil gz;Gfis thpirg;gLj;JtJ

MFk;. (clw;fy;tp)

ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpfs; (Parts of a Lesson Plan) ghlj;jpl;lq;fis vOtjpy; MrphpaH xU

Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwia gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. n[.vg;.n`HghHl; (J.F. Herbart) vd;gtUf;F gpd;

te;j fy;tpahsHfSk; fPo;f;fz;l MW gbepiyfs; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;wdH.

mit n`HghHbd; gbepiyfs; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wd;.

1. Ma;j;jg;gLj;Jjy; (Preparation)

2. vLj;Jf;$wy; (Presentation)

3. xg;Gikg;gLj;Jjy; (Comparison)

4. nghJtpjp fhzy; (Genalisation)

5. gad;gLj;Jjy; (Application)

6. jpUk;g mwpjy; (Recapitulation)1. Maj;jg;gLj;Jjy;:-

Gjpa fUj;Jfis Vw;Wf;nfhs;s khztHfs; kdk; jahH nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ tpijfis

tpijg;gjw;F Kd; epyj;ij jahH nra;jYf;F xg;ghFk;. ,e;epiy RUf;fkhf ,Ug;gNjhL Gjpa

fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; $wg;glf;$lhJ. ,jpy; MrphpaH me;jj; jiyg;G gw;wp khztHfspd;

Kd;dwptpidr; Nrhjpj;J mjw;Nfw;g Gjpa fUj;Jf;fisf; $wp gioa fUj;Jf;fisAk; ,izf;f

Ntz;Lk;.

1. khztHfspd; Kd;dwpitr; Nrhjpj;jy;

2. glq;fs; tiuglq;fs; khjphpfs; Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

3. vspa tpdhf;fs; Nfl;ly;. 2. vLj;Jf;$wy; :-

Maj;jg;gLj;Jfpd;w Kjy; gbepiy KbTw;wTlNdNa ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fk; njspthf vOjg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,JNt ,uz;lhk; gbepiyahFk;.

vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;w ,uz;lhk; epiyapy; fw;gpf;f Ntz;ba ghlk; njhlq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jpy; khztHfs;

Gjpa fUj;Jf;fisAk; mwpitAk; ngWfpd;wdH. Jizf; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. NtW rpy

tFg;giwr; nray;fis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;;. 3. Xg;Gikg;gLj;Jjy; my;yJ njhlHGgLj;Jjy; :-

Gjpajhff; fw;w fUj;Jf;fs; mwpT Mfpatw;iw Vw;fdNt fw;w fUj;Jf;fs; cz;ikfs;

Mfpatw;NwhL njhlHGgLj;jp xg;gGikg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. nfhs;iffis cUthf;Fk; NghJ

tiuaiwfisg; nghJikg;gLj;Jk; NghJk; ,g;gbepiy ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. nghJtpjp fhzy; :

ngUk;ghyhd mwptpay; ghlq;fspy; MrphpaHfs; nghJtpjp fhz Ntz;Lk;.

tiuaiwfs;, nfhs;iffs;, tpjpfs; Mfpaitfs; cUthf;fg;gl;L ep&gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,ad;w tiuapy;

khztHfs; jhq;fshfNt KbTfis ca;j;Jzu Ntz;Lk;. rpy Neuq;fspy; khztHfspd; KbTfs; KOik

ngwhkNyh nghUj;jkw;wjhfNth ,Uf;ff; $Lk;. ,r;rkaq;fspy; MrphpaH mtHfSf;F

topfhl;br; rhp nra;a cjt Ntz;Lk;. gad;gLj;Jjy; :-

khztHfs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; ghl mwpT ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F epidtpy; ,Uf;fTk;

kw;Wk; Gjpa R+o;epiyfisj; ijhpaj;Jld; vjpHnfhs;sTk; cjTfpd;wJ. (Physicial Science). jpUk;g mwpjy; :-

,JNt ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; filrp gbepiyahFk;. ,jpy; MrphpaH khztHfs; mwpT

ngw;wduh ,y;iyah vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;whH. mJ nghJthff; fPo;tUk; VNjDk;

xU nray;%yk; eilngWfpd;wJ.

m). fw;gpj;j ghlj;jiyg;gpy; nghUj;jkhd tpdhf;fisf; Nfl;ly;

M). Gwtag;gl;l rpW tpil tpdhf;fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

,e;j gbepiyfis mg;gbNa vy;yhg; ghlq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;j ,ayhJ.

,d;iwa eilKiwapy; Nkw;$wpa MWgbepiyfSk; fPo;f;fz;l ehd;F gbepiyfspy;

mlq;FkhW ghlj;jpl;lq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd;. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; ,lk; ngWk; Kf;fpa

gbepiyfshtd:

1. Maj;jg;gLj;Jjy;

2. ghltsHr;rp (Development)

3. kPs;ghHit (Review)

4. xg;gilg;G (Assignment)

,uz;lhtJ ghltsHr;rp epiy MrphpaH khztH Mfpa ,UtuJ elj;ijfisAk; cs;slf;fpaJ. khztH

ghlj;ijf; fw;f mrphpaH Jiz nra;fpd;whH. MrphpaH khztHfs; ,UtUk; ghl tsH;r;rpapy;

gq;F ngWfpd;wdH. khztH gq;Nfw;gpd; %yk; MrphpaH ghlj;ij tsHf;f Ntz;Lk;.

%d;whtJ gbepiyahd “kPs;ghHit” jpUk;g mwpjYf;F xg;ghdJ MFk;. ehd;fhtJ gbahd

xg;gilg;G khztHfSf;Ff; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba tPl;L NtiyahFk;. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; mlq;fpAs;s

Kf;fpa ehd;F gbfs; ,itNaahFk;. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; gad;fs; (Uses of Lesson Plan) :-

1. fw;gpj;jy; gzpia rhpahf kw;Wk; jpl;lkpl;lKiwapy; toq;f ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs;

cjTfpd;wd;.

2. MrphpaHfs; jd;dk;gpf;if kw;Wk; Ragyk; Nghd;w gz;Gfis tYg;gLf;fpd;wJ.

3. ,J MrphpaH xU Nehf;Fld; jd; nraiyj; njhlq;fTk; khztHfsplk; tsHf;fg;gl Ntz;ba

MHtq;fs; kdg;ghd;ikfs; gw;wp MrphpaUf;F czHj;jTk; cjTfpd;wJ.

4. rhpahd Kiwapy; jpl;lkpl;L fw;gpj;jy; toq;fg;gLtjhy; tPzhd fhy tpuak;

jtpHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

5. fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jy; gzpapid njha;tpd;wp njhlHe;J nray;gLj;jg; ghlf; Fwpg;Gfs;

cjTfpd;wd;.

6. khztHfspd; MHtk; kw;Wk; ftdj;jpidj; njhlHe;J ghlg; nghUspd; kPJ epiyngwr;

nra;tjw;F ghlf;Fwpg;Gfs; cjTfpd;wd.

7. ,J MrphpaH rpwg;ghd Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fTk; nfhUj;jkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; juTk;

cjTfpd;wJ.

8. ,J MrphpaUf;F FO Rje;jpuk; mspj;j jpwikahd fw;gpj;jiy Nkw;nfhs;s

cjTfpd;wJ.

(Physical Science and Biology) ey;y ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ew;Fzq;fs; (Charactristics of a good Lesson Plan)

xU ey;y ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ew;Fzq;fs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ve;j xU

ghlj;jpl;lKk; ,tw;iwg; ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1. xU ghlj;jpYs;s fUj;Jf;fis gy;NtW Nehf;Ffspy; ed;F myrp Muha;e;j gpd;dNu

mg;ghlj;jpw;fhd ghlj;jpl;lj;ij MrphpaH jahhpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

2. ghlj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; njspthff; Fwpg;gpl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. Nehf;ff; $WfSk; njspthd thHj;ijfspy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba Jizf; fUtpfSk; mtw;iw gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba R+o;epiyfSk; njspthff;

Fwpg;gpl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5. ghlf; fUj;Jf;fs; fw;wy; nray;Kiwfs; kjpg;gply; fUtpfSk; KiwfSk; njspthff;

Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

6. kPs; ghHitAk; xg;gilg;Gk; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; vOjg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

7. MrphpaH nra;a Ntz;ba nray;fisAk; khztH nra;a Ntz;ba nray;fisAk; ghlj;jpl;lk;

njspthff; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

8. khztHfspd; rpwg;ghd gq;Nfw;G ,Uf;Fk; tifapy; ghlj;jpl;lk; mika Ntz;Lk;.

9. rpwg;ghfj; jpl;lkpl;Lf; Fog;gkw;w tpdhf;fis vOj Ntz;Lk;.

10. jdpahs; ftdj;jpw;F tha;g;gspg;gjhfg; ghlj;jpl;lk; mika Ntz;Lk;.

11. rpwe;j ghlj;jpy; xt;nthU gFjpf;Fk; fhyepHzak; nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk;. Nehf;fq;fis elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fspy; vOJjy; (Writing Objectives in Behavioral terms)

xU ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; fw;gpj;jy; Nehf;fq;fs; njspthf KjypNyNa Fwpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,jidaLj;J Nehf;ff;$Wfis vOj Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa Nehf;ff; $Wfs; elj;ijf;Nfhyq;fspy; $wg;gl;l

Nehf;fq;fNs MFk;. ,it Nehf;fq;fis miltjw;F khztHfs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;w Fwpg;ghd

elj;ijfshFk;. ,j;jifa Nehf;ff; $Wfs; my;yJ elj;ijf; Nfhyq;fs; ghlj;ijg; gw;wpa tpsf;fkhf

,Uf;ff; $lhJ. mJ fw;wypd; Kbtpy; khztd; nra;Ak; nraiyf; Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nehf;ff; $wpidr; rpwg;ghf vOj xU tpidr; nrhy; khztdJ nraiyf; Fwpf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpy

tpidr; nrhw;fs; Fwpg;ghiditfshf ,y;yhky; gy tpsf;fq;fisj; jUfpd;wd. mj;jifa tpidr;

nrhw;fis Nehf;ff; $Wfshfg; gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ. Fwpg;ghd Neuhd nghUs; jUfpd;w tpidr;

nrhw;fisj; jhd; Nehf;ff; $Wfshfg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,it xNu xU nghUisj; jUtdthfTk;

,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,jidf; fPo;f;fz;l thHj;ijfs; tpsf;Fk;. gy nghUs; jUk;

tpidr; nrhw;fs;xU nghUs; jUk; tpidr;

nrhw;fs;

mwpjy; vOjy;

ghpe;j nfhs;sy; xg;Gtpj;jy;

ghuhl;Ljy; fz;lwpjy;

kfpo;jy; jPHj;jy;

ek;Gjy; gl;baypLjy;

,t;tpUtifg; gl;baypYk; fhzg;gLk; thHj;ijfSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghLfs; cq;fSf;Fj;

njspthfj; njhpAk;. Kjy; gl;baypy; cs;s nrhw;fs; gy nghUs; nfhLf;ff; $bajha; cs;sJ.

,uz;lhtJ gl;baypy; cs;s nrhw;fs; xNu xU nghUisf; Fwpg;gpl;L fhl;Lfpd;wd;.

vOJjy; vd;gJ xU nray;;; xg;Gtpj;jy; vd;gJ kdg;ghlk; nra;j gpd;G xg;Gtpj;jy; fz;lwpjy;

vd;gJ fz;L gpd;G mwpjiyf; Fwpf;Fk;; jPHj;jy; vd;gJ tpil fhz;gJk;; gl;baypLjy; vd;gJ

xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf vOJtijAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpy; ,uz;lhtJ gl;baypYs;s thHj;ijfis

Nehf;ff; $Wfshfg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. myFj; jpl;lk; (Unit of Planning)Kd;Diu :-

xU rpwe;j fw;gpj;jYf;F mbg;gil jpl;lkplyhFk;. jpl;lk; vd;gJ MrphpaH jd;

fw;gpj;jy; nraypy; gad;gLj;j tpUk;Gfpd;w midj;Jr; nray;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhFk;.

xU ghlNtisf;F kl;Lk; MrphpaH nra;jhy; mJ “ghlj;jpl;lk;” vd;Wk; xU myfpw;Fj; jahH

nra;jhy; mJ “myFj; jpl;lk;” vd;Wk; ngaH ngWk;.

1926y; n`d;wp khhprd; (Hentry Morinson) vd;gtH myfpid tiuaiw nra;jhH.

vyprngj; ngHhp (Elizabeth Berry) vd;gtH n`HghHbd; gbfs; jhd; myFj;

jpl;lj;jpw;F mbg;gil vd;W $Wfpd;whH. khhprd; (Morrison) n`HghHbd; gbfis NkYk;

tphpthf;fpdhH. tiuaiwfs; (Definiation)

1. gpu];ld; (Preston) vd;gthpd; $w;Wg;gb xU myF vd;gJ fw;gtHfshy;

kPs;ghHit nra;af;$ba msTf;Fj; njhlHGila xU nghpa ghlg;gFjpahFk;.

2. gh];]pq; : “xU myF vd;gJ khztHfspd; Nehf;fq;fis milaf; $bajhfTk; Fwpg;gplj;

jf;f Mw;wy; mDgtq;fisf; nfhLf;ff; $bajhfTk; nghUj;jkhd elj;ij khw;wq;fis

Vw;gLj;jf; $bajhfTk; cs;s nghUSs;s njhlHGila nray;fis cs;slf;fpag; ghlg;gFjp

vd;W gh];]pq; (Bossing) $WfpwhH. 3. `pl;[Hfd; :- (Heidgerken)

“myF vd;gJ nghpajhfTk;, jdpj;jdpahf gphpe;J fplf;Fk; cz;ikfisf; fhl;bYk;

xd;wpize;J jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $bajhfTk; cs;sJ vd;W $WfpwhH.

myF vd;gjd; tiuaiw :-

Fwpg;gpl;l fy;tpapay; Nehf;fq;fis ngw vspa kw;wtw;NwhL njhlHGila rPuhd

fw;wy; fw;gpj;jy; nray;fspd; mikg;G jhd; “myF” vd My;fs; kw;Wk; fpz;lH (Alcon and

Kinder) tiuaiw nra;Js;sdH. ey;y myFj; jpl;lj;jpd; ,ay;Gfs; (Characteristics of a good Unit Plan)

xU myFj; jpl;lj;ijj; jahhpf;Fk; NghJ fPo;f;fz;l fUj;Jfis kdjpy; itf;f Ntz;Lk;.

1. jahH nra;ag;gLk; myFj; jpl;lk; khztHfsJ Njitfs; jpwikfs; MHtq;fs; Mfpatw;iw

mbg;gilahf; nfhz;lika Ntz;Lk;.

2. mJ ,Wjp tiuapy; khztHfspd; MHtj;jpid epiy epWj;jf; $ba jd;ik ngw;w mstpy;

mika Ntz;Lk;.

3. mjpy; mikf;fg;gLk; fUj;Jfs; khztHfSf;F Kw;wpYk; Gjpadthf ,y;yhky;

mtHfSf;Fg; gof;fkhd njhlHGiladtha; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4. mJ vy;yh epiy khztHfSf;Fk; Vw;wjhf mikAkhW nefpOe;jd;ik cilajha; ,Uf;f

Ntz;Lk;. kPj;jpw khztHfs; me;j myfpd; ghlq;fisj; jhz;bAk; mjpf msT jfty;fisg;

ngw;wpl topfhl;bl Ntz;Lk;.

5. mJ khztHfspd; r%f kw;Wk; Gwr;#o;epiyfNshl njhlHGilajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

6. mJ khztHfSila vjpHfhyj; Njitfis epiwT nra;tjhfTk; mika Ntz;Lk;.

7. mJ khztH MrphpaH Mfpa ,UtuJ $l;L Kaw;rpfshy; tsuf; $bajhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.myFj;jpl;lj;jpd; gad;fs; (Uses of Unit Plan)

1. xU myFj;jpl;lk; gy;NtW cz;ikfs;, vz;zq;fs;, gad;fs;, kdghd;ikfs; Mfpatw;iw

xUq;fpizf;Fk; Nehf;fj;ijf; nfhz;lJ.

2. jdpg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lq;fis mikg;gjw;F ,J xU topfhl;bahf miktNjhL njhlHGila gy

ghlq;fis xd;W Nru Nehf;fplTk; cjTfpwJ.

3. njhlHr;rpahd fw;wYf;F ,J nghpJk; cjTfpd;wJ.

4. tFg;giwapy; gad;gLj;jtjw;Fj; Njitahd Gjpa mDgtq;fis nray;Kiwfisj; NjLtjw;Fk;

NjHe;njLg;gjw;Fk; Jiz Ghpfpd;wJ.

5. vjpHfhyj;jpy; vof;$bag; gpur;ridfis Kd;$l;bNa Cfpj;jwpa MrphpaHfSf;F ,J

cjTfpd;wJ.

6. tiuaWf;fg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;l mDgtq;fSf;F mg;ghYk; khztH nrd;wpl cjTfpd;wJ.

7. gy ghlq;fSf;F ,ilapy; njhlHgpid cz;lhf;fp nghUSs;s njhlHGila mDgtq;fis

khztHfs; ngw ,J cjTfpd;wJ.

8. njhlHe;J rpe;jpj;J jpl;lkpLjyhy; tFg;giwf; fw;wYf;fhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gy;NtW

nray;fisAk; jj;jk; ,yf;Ffis va;jpLk; tz;zk; mikj;jpl KbfpwJ.

9. MrphpaH jd;dk;gpf;ifAld; tFg;giwf; fw;gpj;jiy vjpH nfhs;s cjTfpd;wJ.

10. GJikahf rpe;jpj;J mt;ntz;zq;fis nray;gLj;jpl MrphpaUf;F ,J tha;g;gspf;fpd;wJ.

myFjpl;lj;jpd; gbepiyfs; :-

1. ghlg; nghUspd; gFg;G : ,g;gFjpahdJ ghlg; nghUis Kiwahf njhlHr;rpahff;

fw;gpf;f cjTk;. m/jhtJ vspjpypUe;J rpf;fy;, fhl;rpapypUe;J fUj;J vd;w

fw;gpf;Fk; cj;jpfspy; ghlg; nghUisg; gFj;J thpirg; gLj;jp mikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;

Ntz;Lk;. ghlg; nghUspd; njspTk; KO mwpTk; tFg;giwapy; jpwk;gl, rpwg;ghff;

fw;gpf;fj; Jizg;GhpAk;. fw;gpf;Fq;fhy; vy;yhf; fUj;JfisAk; epidT$w cjTk;.

2. Nehf;fq;fSk; rpwg;Gf; $WfSk; : ghlg; nghUspd; gFg;gpw;F mLj;j gbepiy

,JthFk;. ghl myfpd; %ykhf ve;nje;jg; nghJ Nehf;fq;fisAk; rpwg;G

Nehf;fq;fisAk; mila ,aYk; vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

3. fw;wy; nray;fs; : fUjpa Nehf;fq;fis mila cjTtd fw;wy; nray;fshFk;. ,it

Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tFg;giwapy; gad;gLj;jg; ngwy; Ntz;Lk;. rpwe;j fw;wy; mDgtk;

ju fw;gpf;f Ntz;ba myFf;F Vw;w fw;gpj;jy; Kiwiaj; NjHe;njLg;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

ghlk; elj;Jk; NghJ jdpahs; Ntw;Wik fw;Nghhpd; cstpay; jd;ikfs; Nehf;fq;fs;

kw;Wk; ghlg; nghUs; Mfpaitfisf; fUj;jpy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

4. mikj;jYk; njhFj;jYk; : (Construction and Synthesis) khztHfs; jhq;fs;

ngWfpd;w Gjpa mDgtq;fisg; gioa mDgtq;fNshL njhlHGgLj;jp Ghpe;J nfhs;s

tha;g;Gfs; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,it vOj;J %yk; my;yJ nrhw;fs; %yk; ,Uf;fyhk;.

njhFj;jy; rhjhuzkhf fw;gpj;jy; myfpd; ,Wjpapy; fw;w fUj;Jf;fisj; njhFj;J

mwptjw;Fr; nra;ag;gLfpd;w xd;W. ,jid myfpd; ,ilapilNaAk; nra;ayhk;.

mikg;Gk; njhFg;Gk; xd;Wld; xd;W ,ize;J nry;Yk;. 5. kPs;ghHitAk; gapw;rpAk; (Review and Drill)

myFfisf; fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ VNjDk; xU gFjpia tpl;LtpLtjw;Nfh KOikahff;

fw;gpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjw;Nfh tha;g;Gfs; cs;sd. ,jidg; G+Hj;jp nra;a kPs; ghHit

mtrpakhFk;. rpy fw;wy; mDgtq;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nrhy;yg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mJ

“gapw;rp” vdg;gLk;. ghlj;ijf; fw;gpf;Fk; NghJ gy rkaq;fspy; kPs;ghHitAk;

gapw;rpAk; Njitg;gLk;.

6. kjpg;gply; : (Evaluation) khztHfs; mile;jtw;iwAk; milahjtw;iwAk; mstpl

kjpg;gply; mtrpakhFk;. ,J Ra kjpg;gplyhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J tha;nkhopj;

NjHthfNth vOj;Jj; NjHthfNth xU thuk; my;yJ gjpide;J ehl;fs; ,ilntspapy;

elj;jg;glyhk;. myfpd; ,Wjpapy; itf;fg;gLk; milTj; NjHT khztHfisj; juk; gphpf;fTk;

fw;gpj;jypd; tpisit mwpaTk; gad;gLk;.