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Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assail taint

Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

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Page 1: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

Unit One: Chapter 5

• allusion • banal

• altruistic • euphemism

• appease • mercenary

• arbitrary • syndrome

• assail • taint

Page 2: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

1 allusion

Allusion meansA. a contrast to.

B. a hint about.C. an answer for.

• After I suggested that Monty have fruit for dessert instead of chocolate cake, he responded, “Is that an allusion to my weight?”

• Ramon didn’t have the courage to come right out and ask Lia to marry him. Instead, he made only an allusion to marriage by asking, “Wouldn’t it be easier if we had to fill out just one tax return?”

– noun

Page 3: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

1 allusion

Allusion meansA. a contrast to.

B. a hint about.C. an answer for.

– noun

• After I suggested that Monty have fruit for dessert instead of chocolate cake, he responded, “Is that an allusion to my weight?”

• Ramon didn’t have the courage to come right out and ask Lia to marry him. Instead, he made only an allusion to marriage by asking, “Wouldn’t it be easier if we had to fill out just one tax return?”

The suggestion that Monty have fruit for dessert makes Monty think the person dropping a hint about his weight. Ramon’s question about filling out one tax return is a hint about getting married.

1 allusion – noun

Page 4: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

2 altruistic – adjective

Altruistic meansA. unselfish.B. cheerful.C. greedy.

• When an enemy approaches, ground squirrels show altruistic behavior. They risk their own lives to give alarm calls to nearby relatives.

• “I’m not often altruistic,” Brett admitted. “I usually put my own welfare first.”

Page 5: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Altruistic meansA. unselfish.B. cheerful.C. greedy.

• When an enemy approaches, ground squirrels show altruistic behavior. They risk their own lives to give alarm calls to nearby relatives.

• “I’m not often altruistic,” Brett admitted. “I usually put my own welfare first.”

If the squirrels risk their own lives to protect relatives, they are being unselfish. If Brett puts her own welfare first, she is being selfish, not unselfish.

2 altruistic – adjective

Page 6: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

3 appease – verb

Appease meansA. to annoy.B. to heal.C. to calm.

• My sister was so outraged when I accidentally dropped and broke her cell phone that nothing I could say or do would appease her.

• Roger was furious when he saw me out with another guy, but I quickly appeased him by explaining that the “date” was my cousin.

Page 7: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Appease meansA. to annoy.B. to heal.C. to calm.

• My sister was so outraged when I accidentally dropped and broke her cell phone that nothing I could say or do would appease her.

• Roger was furious when he saw me out with another guy, but I quickly appeased him by explaining that the “date” was my cousin.

If the sister was extremely outraged, no words or actions would be able to calm her. In the second item, the news that her “date” is her cousin would calm Roger’s fury.

3 appease – verb

Page 8: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

• Professor Miller’s students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary way, rather than using clear-cut standards.

• Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary discipline only confuses children.

4 arbitrary

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Arbitrary meansA. steady.B. slow. C. impulsive.

– adjective

Page 9: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

• Professor Miller’s students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary way, rather than using clear-cut standards.

• Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary discipline only confuses children.

Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Arbitrary meansA. steady.B. slow. C. impulsive.

If Professor Miller doesn’t use clear-cut standards to grade the essays, he must grade them in an impulsive way. If parents enforce rules according to their moods, the discipline is impulsive rather than consistent.

4 arbitrary – adjective

Page 10: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Assail meansA. to attack.B. to confuse. C. to support.

5 assail – verb

• The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rain.

• The two candidates continuously assailed each other with accusations of dishonesty.

Page 11: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Assail meansA. to attack.B. to confuse. C. to support.

• The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rain.

• The two candidates continuously assailed each other with accusations of dishonesty.

The hail and heavy rain of the storm attacked them. If the candidates are making accusations of dishonesty against one another, they are attacking each other.

5 assail – verb

Page 12: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Banal meansA. greedy.B. unoriginal. C. clever.

• The film, with its overused expressions and unimaginative plot, was the most banal I had ever seen.

• “Nice to see you” may be a banal comment, but what it lacks in originality it makes up for in friendliness.

6 banal

“If my paper seems banal, that’s because my dad wrote it, and he

hasn’t had an original idea in years!”

– adjective

Page 13: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Banal meansA. greedy.B. unoriginal. C. clever.

• The film, with its overused expressions and unimaginative plot, was the most banal I had ever seen.

• “Nice to see you” may be a banal comment, but what it lacks in originality it makes up for in friendliness.

If the film had overused expressions and an unimaginative plot, it must have been unoriginal. If the comment lacks originality, it is unoriginal.

6 banal – adjective

“If my paper seems banal, that’s because my dad wrote it, and he

hasn’t had an original idea in years!”

Page 14: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Euphemism meansA. a harsh term.

B. a term that doesn’t offend.C. a foreign term.

• Common euphemisms include “final resting place” (for grave), “Intoxicated” (for drunk), and “Powder room” (for toilet).

• The Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism “change of health.”

7 euphemism – noun

A euphemism for toilet

Page 15: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Euphemism meansA. a harsh term.

B. a term that doesn’t offend.C. a foreign term.

• Common euphemisms include “final resting place” (for grave), “Intoxicated” (for drunk), and “Powder room” (for toilet).

• The Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism “change of health.”

The first item gives three examples of terms that don’t offend. In the second item, “change of health” is a term that doesn’t offend, while the term assassination would be offensive to some.

7 euphemism – noun

A euphemism for toilet

Page 16: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Mercenary meansA. jealous.B. angry. C. greedy.

• Ed is totally mercenary. His philosophy is, “Pay me enough, and I’ll do anything.”

• The con man pretended to love the wealthy widow, but he actually married her for mercenary reasons.

8 mercenary – adjective

Page 17: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Mercenary meansA. jealous.B. angry. C. greedy.

• Ed is totally mercenary. His philosophy is, “Pay me enough, and I’ll do anything.”

• The con man pretended to love the wealthy widow, but he actually married her for mercenary reasons.

If Ed’s philosophy is that he’ll do anything if he gets enough money, he must be greedy. If the con man only pretended to love the wealthy widow, he must have married her for greedy reasons rather than for love.

8 mercenary – adjective

Page 18: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Syndrome meansA. a group of symptoms.B. a cause. C. something required.

• Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness.

• Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often includes exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite.

9 syndrome – noun

Page 19: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Syndrome meansA. a group of symptoms.B. a cause. C. something required.

• Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness.

• Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often includes exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite.

Taken together, headache, fever, and stiff neck is a group of symptoms. In the second item, exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite is another a group of symptoms.

9 syndrome – noun

Page 20: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Taint meansA. to benefit. B. to damage. C. to start.

10 taint • The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports,

including boxing and horse racing.

• The government scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved.

– verb

Page 21: Unit One: Chapter 5 allusion banal altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assailtaint

TEN WORDS IN CONTEXTChoose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.

Taint meansA. to benefit. B. to damage. C. to start.

• The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports, including boxing and horse racing.

• The government scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved.

The involvement of organized crime has damaged boxing and horse racing. A scandal would damage the reputations of those involved.

10 taint – verb