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Polar Vs Non-Polar
nonpolar = symmetrical polar = asymmetrical
(if one end of the molecule differs from the other)
Methane Hydrogen fluoride
Which compounds dissolve in what??
Experimentally, it is found that…“LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE”
POLAR dissolves ------- POLAR ------- IONIC
NONPOLAR dissolves ------- NONPOLAR
*Miscible = soluble
METHANOL & ETHANOL
CH3OH CH3CH2OH
WHICH ONE DO YOU THINK IS SLIGHTLY BETTER AT DISSOLVING NON-POLAR COMPOUNDS?
Common solvents: p.204
Water- the most common polar solvent… Methanol (polar and non-polar ends) Ethanol (polar and non-polar ends) benzene ethoxyethane Acetone ( polar and non polar ends) acetic acid Chloroform carbon tetrachloride (non-polar) heptane liquid ammonia
Why can’t non-polar solvents dissolve ionic compounds?
Non-polar solvents can only attach to solutes using London forces; these forces cannot overcome the strong bonds that hold ionic compounds together
Ionic solutes are held by very strong ionic bonds when they are in the solid phase, so they need the most polar solvent, such as water, to dissolve them.