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UNIT III Lesson 1Physical Properties &
Physical Changes of Substances
HEBDEN TEXTBOOK
Read page 41 and 42 carefully. Focus on all the definitions listed in it and the
additional comments sections. Write out notes for yourself to remind you of
important info that you read ( like a mini summary)
You have 15 mins.
Go, go, go…allez allez allez!
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS
Describing substances Qualitative information is ___________________
information Quantitative information is __________________
information
BASIC DEFINITIONS
An observation:
An interpretation (inference):
A description:
Data (quantitative) usually from experiments.
An experiment:
*page41
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS
What is the difference between a HYPOTHESIS and a THEORY?
HYPOTHESIS vs THEORY/Model
III.1 BASIC DEFINITIONS
LAW: Broad ____________ or summary statement that describe a ______________________________ to explain how nature behaves when a particular situation occurs.
They do not__________________________________________
They are not_________________________________________
WHAT IS CHEMISTRY ANYWAY ?!
Chemistry is ...The study of the properties, composition and behaviour of matter…MATTER is anything that has _____________ and occupies a ______________
PROPERTIES, COMPOSITION AND MATTER
Property is a characteristic, a trait or quality that something has
Ex: water boils at 100 °C
Composition is what something is made up of…its basic nature from the inside (its ingredients)
EX: water is made up of two hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom H20.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Substance is something unique with a set of unique properties.
Properties of matter
PHYSICAL vs CHEMICAL
PROPERTY PROPERTY/Rxns
It is a property that is found
without creating a new substance.
Ex: colour, density, hardness, melting point, boiling point, pH, viscosity, etc…
It is when a new substance is created due to undergoing chemical reactions.
Ex: hydrogen can burn in air (Oxygen) and produce waterHydrogen reacts with chlorine to produce hydrogen chloride.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Physical properties can be Extensive or Intensive:
EXTENSIVE vs. INTENSIVE
Depends on the amount of substance present (extent). •Ex: Mass, volume, shape, height…• they depend on the amount you have.
Depends only on the nature of the substance, not on how much you have of it.•Ex: density, m.p. color•Used to identify substances since they do not change.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER Matter can exist in three common states or
phases:_______, _______, and _______.
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/character.html
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Phase Shape Volume Change when heated
Space between particles
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
ARE THERE OTHER STATES OF MATTER THAT EXIST ?!
FOR YOUR INFORMATION ONLY
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTERMore physical properties to know (page 46)Hardness: resistance of abrasion or scratching.
III.2 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER
More physical properties/definitions to know (page 46). Diffusion: intermingling of fluids (liquids and gases)
VAPOR VS GAS
Gases are in a gaseous state at room temperature. The molecules in a gas can expand to occupy any available volume. On the other hand, the molecules of a vapor gain energy and vaporize from a substance which is either a solid or liquid at room temperature
Vapour: it is a gas caused by the evaporation of a substance which naturally boils above room temperature (20-23.5 C )
Vapour Pressure: pressure caused by the vapour evaporating from a liquid.
Ex: Acetone or nail polish remover boils at 56 C. So any acetone that evaporates at room temperature
is called a “vapour” and not a “gas”.
AND SOME MORE… Boiling temperature/boiling point:
Temperature at which a liquid turns into ________ .
Freezing point: Temperature at which a ______ turns into a ____________
Melting point is the temperature at which a ____________ turns into a _______________
MALLEABILITY
The ability to be rolled or hammered into thin sheets
DUCTILITY
The ability to be stretched or drawn into wires
VISCOSITY
Resistance to FLOW ! Doesn’t wanna move! More viscous = more lazy
LUSTRE How light is reflected off of a surface (oily, silky, glossy, shiny, etc )
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
QUESTIONS: p. 43 #1-3, 7, 9, 11
QUESTIONS: p. 44 #13 and #15
QUESTIONS: p. 48 #21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31.
*These are the types of questions to expect on a test for Unit III ( sections 1 and 2)