CHAPTER III MAILYNE V. BACONGCO AND ROSSLY T.

MOLINASELECTION AND USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS (IMS)

FOCUS QUESTIONS

What are some guiding principles in the selection and use of instructional materials?

What are examples of instructional materials?

How should these materials be used for learning to the maximum and optimum?

PRINCIPLES

1. All instructional materials are aids to instruction. They do not replace the teacher.2. Choose the instructional material that best suits your instructional objectives.3. If possible, use a variety of tools.4. Check out your instructional material before class starts to be sure it is working properly.

PRINCIPLES5. For results, abide by the general utilization guide on the use of media given below:

• learn how to use the instructional materials.•Prepare introductory remarks, questions or initial

comments you may used.•Provide a conducive environment.•Explain the objectives of the lesson.•Stress what is to be watched or listened to carefully.•State what they will be expected to do w/ the information

they will learn.•There is a need to summarize or review the experience.

AUDIO RECORDINGS

Include tapes , records and compact disc.

ADVANTAGES

• Improve listening skills• Easy to operate• Safe way of storing information• Can be used to improve speech skills• Lessen distraction when used with

headphonesDISADVANTAGES

• Extended use may bore students• Costly compared to actual oral presentation

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES AND OVERHEAD PROJECTOR (OHP)Show pictures, diagram and sketches at a time when they are needed in a discussion.

ADVANTAGES

• Transparencies can easily be prepared by the teacher or the students.• Transparencies are reusable.• OHP presentation can be used with large or small groups.• OHP is easy to operate.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• The overhead projector may be costly for some.• Moving it around needs as much care.•When over-heated, transparencies can be

damaged.

BULLETIN BOARDS

Usually stationary on a wall or it can be movable, learning materials may be pictures, newspaper clippings, real objectives or drawings.

ADVANTAGES

• It can present a preview of the lesson to be presented as a way of motivating the students.

• The attractive displays can add life and color to a drab room atmosphere.• A display can allow a number of students to browse over its contents at the same time.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• A good one needs time to

plan and execute. If hurried the display may fail in conveying the message desired.

CHALKBOARDUsing chalk, it is a convenient writing area where illustrations can instantly be drawn even during a discussion.

ADVANTAGES

• It is easily available• It is inexpensive and easy to install.• It can accommodate so much writing space and easy to clean.• It is convenient to use both for formally prepared lessons or for spontaneous sessions.• The attention of the class can easily be held and focused. It being located usually in front of

the room.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES

• Lessons or writings on the chalkboard are only for a days use, hence temporary and cannot be saved.

• Chalk dust makes the area messy.• Writing makes one turn his back to the audience.• The teacher’s handwriting and spelling deficiency

can cause disruption from the lesson.

• ChartsMay be in the form of maps, graphs, photographs and cut-outs.

ADVANTAGES

• Charts can be used over and over again.• They can be moved easily from one place to another.• Colored charts are more attractive.• Charts can be made by students.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• Charts cannot show motion• Big charts are cumbersome to handle.• Charts can be outdated.

• MOCK-UPSA replica of an object that may be larger or smaller in scale.

ADVANTAGES

• It can be constructed by the teacher since she knows which part should be emphasized.• It is a way of focusing observations on the desired part to be studied as well as the

functional relationships of the parts.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• Its construction could be time-consuming.• Since the sizes are exaggerated, the students might

be confused when faced with the real object.• It could be costly.

• RealiaStands for the real things that are to be studied like using real insects or plants.

ADVANTAGES

• Real objects are easily available everywhere.• Examining real objects create concrete learning experiences for the learner.• Real specimens can be handled and observed thoroughly.• They are inexpensive.• The children are familiar with the real materials and their interest can easily be focused.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• Some live animals and plants are potential hazards.• Some are expensive.• Problems regarding storage and retrieval may arise.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

VIDEO TAPES/FILMSADVANTAGES• Motion pictures easily motivate children.• Movement or sequence of events can be shown clearly.• They are adaptable to large or small groups.• Considering the number of times they can be used, they are

relatively inexperience.• They require very little reading skills.

DISADVANTAGES

• Choosing films which the exact content desired may be a problem.

• Projection equipment might be expensive for some schools.

• Mechanical and operational problems may arise with the projection equipment.

• ModelsScaled replicas of real objects.

ADVANTAGES

• Models provide motivation and enhance learning.• Oversized objects can be reduced in size and can be studied in the classroom.• Some models can be purchased from commercial firms.• The parts can be built as to scale and can appear exactly like the real object.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES• Purchase of models can be costly.• If models are built as to scale, it could be time

consuming.

• Pictures

The concept to be taught could be introduced through pictures.

ADVANTAGES

• Appropriate pictures that fit the objects are easy to obtain.• They are often free in the form of clippings.• In a well chosen pictures, the amount of information that can be conveyed is tremendous.• They are more effective than oral or written statements.• They are reusable.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES

• Choosing the right picture can be a problem for some teacher.

• Handling of pictures needs so much care.• Sometimes the correct size or perspective if

scale in a picture can cause confusion especially if the children are not familiar with the object.

• BOOKSContain information's, picture and graphics.

ADVANTAGES

• Books are well-written. They present accurate facts and details.• They serve as permanent sources of information.• They are reusable.• Students can control their own pace of learning by using books at a convenient time.• Books which present color, action and beautiful sceneries are enjoyed and reread a number

of times.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

DISADVANTAGES

• Books on special contents can be expensive for some.• At one time, the search for information can be limited to

only one or two readers.• Some students are not “readers”.• Care in handling books is like respecting the author and the

writings therein.• Always refer to the new and updated or revised edition of

books.• Encourage students to purchase and make a mini-library in

their study room.

VARIOUS FORMS OF MEDIA

ELECTRONIC MATERIALSCDs, DVDs, CD-ROMS and the

Internet.

THANK YOU