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UNIT I Introduction
“The Gilded Age”Ch 8, 9, & 10
The Gilded Age Post-Civil War and post-Reconstruction eras
Substantial growth in population and land.
Extravagant displays of wealth, materialism and excess of America's upper class
Characterized by political corruption
The Gilded Age
The West Industrialization Political Machine
•Miners •Ranchers•Farming the plains•Commercial farms•Plains Indian conflicts•Native America Assimilation
•Immigration•Nativism•Urbanization•Social Darwinism•Reform
•Population•Technology•Railroads•Big Business•Working conditions•Labor unions
Settling the West
Resource Exploitation. Depletion of the resources
Mining Precious Metals
Ranching Cattle
Farming “Rain follows the plow”
Native Americans
Settling the West
Mining Gold-Silver-Copper
Led to Boomtowns Towns were populated by people that came in support
of Miners. Cooks - Shop Keepers – Blacksmiths – Tailors (levis)
Boom and Bust cycle Mines dry up….Economy collapses….Ghost Town
* Comstock Lode- the first major U.S. discovery of silver and gold ore, located under what is now Virginia City, Nevada.
Settling the West
Cattle Ranchers Texas, Oklahoma & New Mexico Civil War depletes Cattle in Great
Plains. Supply and Demand for Beef.
Railroads connect east and great plains
Long Drive steers cattle long distances to Rail Roads for $$$$$$$$$. Chisholm Trail most widely used over 1.5 million.
Resource Exploitation Farming
“Rain follows the Plow” Railroads
Easy to reach Plains Homestead Act
Govt. Granted land Concerns
Hot Summers Brutally cold winters Lack of water and trees Insects destroy crops
Settling the West Farming
Adapting to conditions Dry farming
Deep planting of seeds to utilize moisture.
Wheat Farming Bad soil New technology Cheap land = big profits US leader in Wheat Too much wheat =???? Family farms lost.
Settling the West
Native Americans Different tribes but similar values Settlers
Took hunting grounds Slaughtered buffalo Broke treaties Forcibly moved Native Americans to new lands.
NA resist Attacks on settlers Uprisings Defending territories
Resistance
Gold discoveries in Dakotas and Wyoming brings Settlers to reservations
US sets up outposts to deter NA’s…Opposite effect.
Chief Red Cloud Successfully fought off settlers
and Army regiments in Wyoming.
Met with President Grant Established peace treaty that
US ignored. Forced onto a reservation.
Resistance
Dakota uprising (Chief Little Crow) NA’s starving on reservations US late with payments
(annuities) “Let them eat grass” Dakota slaughtered settlers 307 Dakota sentenced 38 put to death.
Resistance Sand Creek Massacre- Chief
Black Kettle Sandy Creek, CO Colonel Chivington- “Kill and
scalp all, big and little!” The Cheyenne were waiting
at Fort Lyon to negotiate a peace treaty.
Chivington ignored the US and White flag and attacked.
NA’s massacred. No Charges against
Chivington…Angered many Americans.
RESISTANCE
Fetterman’s Massacre Chief Crazy Horse- Lakota
Indians Crazy Horse tricked
Fetterman and 80 soldiers into following a small band of Lakota, & lured him into an ambush where hundreds of Lakota Indians waited to massacre him & his men.
Resistance
1867- Indian Peace Commission
Many NA’s ignore reservation and hunted in the plains.
Buffalo slaughter outrages NA’s
Roads and Trains cut through reservations
Food and Supplies were not delivered as promised.
Both sides violate treaty.
RESISTANCE
Battle of Little Big Horn “Custer’s Last Stand” US sends troops to S.Dakota US Army attacks a group of NA’s. NA’s much larger than Expected. NA’s led by Sitting Bull and Crazy
Horse overwhelmed the 7th Calvary Sitting Bull-
Spiritual Leader of Lakota Indians. Had a vision of victory of LBH which
inspired warriors. Refused to live on reservation and
fled to Canada after LBH hunter by US troops.
Resistance
Nez Percé Chief Joseph Americans tried to force
Chief Joseph’s tribe onto a smaller Reservation in Idaho
“Our Chiefs are killed…The little Children are freezing to death. My People…have no blankets, no food Hear me, my chiefs; I am tired; my Heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no More forever.”
Resistance
Ghost Dance- Ritual Dance for the day
of reckoning. Return to the old way
of life. Buffalo would return Settlers would
disappear Reunite with ancestors
Resistance
Tragedy at Wounded Knee Police sent to arrest SB
for the Ghost Dance. In protest of arrest
gunfire broke out killing SB.
NA’s fled but were caught by troops @ Wounded Knee Creek.
Troops tried to force a surrender.
Fighting broke out. 200 Lakota and 25 US troops killed.
Assimilation “Don’t kill the man just the Indian”
Teach them to speak English Force them to be Christians
Dawes Act - passed by Congress in 1887 160 acres per family 80 per single adult tried to "Americanize" the Indians by breaking up the tribal
system. It failed. (could not farm and were not given farming
equipment) Most Indian tribes confined to reservations in the West. The Dawes Act represents two conflicting ideas.
Americans would accept Indians as citizens. But they would not accept them as Indians.