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8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 1/26
A LTERNATIVE ENERGY S YSTEMS
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 2/26
A LTERNATIVE POWER TRAIN TECHNOLOGIES
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV)
Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCV)
Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV) Fuel Cell EVs (FCEV)
Solar Vehicles (SV)
Hybrid Gas Turbine EVs
Nuclear Concept Vehicles (NCV)
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 3/26
B ATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLES
What is an electric vehicle?
A car that runs on electricity
How do they work?
Use electricity not petrol Energy comes from a power outlet via a cord to the
car
Energy stored in a battery
Energy powers the electric motor, moving the car.
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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BEV L AYOUT
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BEV A RCHITECTURE
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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COMPARISON OF ELECTRIC WITH
G ASOLINE
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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ARE EVS BETTER FOR THE ENVIRONMENT?
• produce 27 per cent less CO2 than petrol cars
• help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
• Produce no carbon emissions when powered using
renewable energy
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 8/26
BENEFITS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES?
cheaper to run because electricity is cheaper than petrol
better for the environment
reduce noise pollution
less environmental impacts across their life-cycle(manufacturing, use and disposal)
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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REGENERATIVE BRAKING
What is regenerative braking?
Captures the energy from braking, normally lost as heat
Uses it to ‘top up’ the battery
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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WHAT ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES OF EVS?
currently more expensive than normal cars
not many places to charge your car
can only travel 100-160km between charges
Charging can take hours
Silent operation – potentially dangerous for pedestrians
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 11/26
H YBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Use the combination of engine of a conventional
vehicle with an electric motor powered by
traction batteries or fuel cell.
The combination helps in achieving both energy
and environmental goals.
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 12/26
HEV DESIGNS AND THEIR A RCHITECTURE
Series
Parallel
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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BENEFITS OF HEVS
It’s Clean
Battery recharges when you brake.
Fuel efficiency is greatly increased
Can reduce dependency on fossil fuels Smaller engine
Higher resale value
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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DISADVANTAGES OF HEVS
Lower power output
Poorer handling
Higher center of gravity
Higher maintenance costs
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 15/26
FUEL CELL VEHICLES
Uses hydrogen as a power source for the
vehicle propulsion
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 16/26
HOW TO USE HYDROGEN TO FUEL A
CAR?
Unlike batteries, fuel cells
don’t need to be replaced.
We just have to refill the
tank with H2!
Let’s see a hydrogen fuel
cell works!
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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H YDROGEN FUEL CELL
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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A NIMATION OF FC
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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BENEFITS OF FUEL CELL VEHICLES
Zero tailpipe emissions
Higher energy efficiency than the internal
combustion engine
Regenerative braking Energy security
Potential of near-zero well-to-wheel emissions
when using hydrogen
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/unit-i-alternative-energy-systems 20/26
CHALLENGES
Cost reduction.
Increased reliability and durability.
Hydrogen generation, distribution, dispensing
and onboard storage. Availability and affordability of hydrogen
refueling.
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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SOLAR C ARS
Powered by sun’s energy
Solar array collect the energy from the sun and
converts it into usable electrical energy
Power trackers convert it into the requiredvoltage
Motor controller sends power to the motor
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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BENEFITS OF SVS
Solar powered cars do not require any expense
for running.
Solar cars are quite.
Solar cars require very low maintenance. Solar cars produces no harmful emissions.
8/12/2019 Unit I - Alternative Energy Systems
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DISADVANTAGES OF SVS
Solar powered cars can operate only for limited
distances if there is no sun
If it is dark out for many days, the car battery
will not charge and you this can seem as
a problem to many problem. This is the main
reason why people don’t rely on solar cars.
A good solar powered car is expensive. It will cost
$200,000 or more.
Parts used in solar cars are not produced in large
quantity so they are expensive.