Unit Five Groundwork

8/4/2019 Unit Five Groundwork

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CHAPTER

TenIn the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use thecontext of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning.

1 (ag'rg-vat)-verb

_Aggravate means2 cease(ses)

-verbCease means

3 coincide(ko'!n-sid')-verb

Coincide means4 considerable

(bn-s!d'gr-g-bgi)-adjectiveConsiderable means

5 humane(hyoo-man')-adjective

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Humane means

(in-ten' shg-ngl)-adjective

Intentional means

"' If you walk on your sprained ankle, you'll only aggravate the injury. Thepain and swelling will get worse.

" I f your next-door neighbors hate your dog, it' s a difficult situation; so don'taggravate the problem by walking the dog on their lawn.A. to make use of. B. to make worse. c. to create

., After the police warned him twice, our landlord ceased burning trash in thebackyard, an illegal activity in our town.

,. When the snowfall fi.nally ceased, we went out to shovel the driveway.A. to repeat. B. to start. c. to stop.

"' My best friend and I have moved to different states. We try to make our visitsto our hometown coindde so that we can see each other.

G Our neighbor is getting married on the same day as my cousin. I wish theweddings were not going to coincide because I' d really like to go to both.A. to happen at the same time. B. to be stopped. c. to be interesting.After two hours and considerable effort, I finally found Vernon's apartment.

e Elena loves gardening, so she spends a com>idemb!e amount of time caringfor flowers, vegetables, and herbs.A. too little. B. gentle. c. quite a bit.

" When our cat developed a fatal blood disease, we didn't want her to suffer.We felt it was more humane to have her painlessly "put to s!eep."

In the past, zoo animals were usually kept in bare concrete cages. In anattempt to be more humane, many zoos have built more natural,comfortable animal housing.A. wasteful. B. fast. c. eating.

" The police believe the fire was intentional, although they don't know whysomeone would purposely burn down the movie theater.

o I know I'm an hour late, but it wasn't intentional. A huge traffic accidentheld me up.A. important. B. planned. c. late.


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7 interierence(in tgr-fer' gns)-noun

_ Inteiference means8 obnoxious(::Jb-nok' shgs)

-adjective

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Obnoxious means

(iin-sta'bgl)-adjective

Unstable meansiO utilize(yoot'l-iz')

-verb_ Utilize means

" Because the street workers outside our classroom window were such aninterference, the class was moved to the library." rv!y morn rarely gets involved in my arguments with my brother and sister.

"You must learn to settie your problems without my interference," she says.A. help. B. getting in the way. c. silence.

0 The children visiting the chicken farm held their noses because of theobnoxious smelL

0 I won't go to the party if Lester is there. He always makes himselfobnoxious by insulting and making fun of people.A. not interesting. B. popular. c. not pleasant.

" The ladder felt so unstable that I was afraid to climb any higher than thethird step.

" The young man's personality was unstable. One minute he seemed quietand satisfied, and the next minute he was angry about something.A. not steady. B. useful. c. secure.

., Don't throw bread away just because it's stale. Stale bread can be utilizedto make bread crumbs and croutons.

"' Last summer, Cindy utilized her swimming skills as a camp lifeguard.A. to sell. B. to replace. c. to use.

Matching 'tVords with DefinitionsFollowing are definitions of the ten words. Print each word next to its definition. I f you look closely ateach word in context, you will be able to figure out its meaning.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.

Very unpleasant; distasteful; disgustingTo stop; discontinue; quitUnsteady; wobbly; not reliableDone on purpose; plannedTo make worseKind; sympathetic; merciful; gentleTo happen at the same timeRather great; rather largeThe act of getting in the way of something; meddling in someoneelse's business; something that gets in the wayTo make use of; put to use, especially to good use

CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitionsto help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't needto check the definitions at all.


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1Using the answer line, complete each item below with the correct word from the box.

1. It's no wonder the vase feU over; the flowers were so top-heavy that thewhoie arrangement wa s_ .

2. My brother is glad he'll be able to _his skills as a mechanic in hisnew job at a garage.

3. Surprisingiy, going to bed and taking it easy can actual ly_ back pain.Gentle movement is often more helpful.

4. A _ amount of time is the opposite of a rather small amount of time.5. You may feel that slurping with straws is_, but many kids don't find

it disgusting at all.6. The young man was charged with ar son- the_ setting of a harmful frre.7. The two funerals will _; hat is, they will take place on the same day.8. My nosy neighbor calls what she does just "taking a healthy interest in

people's lives," but I call what she does"_ ."9. It really isn't _ to give small children chicks and baby ducks as

presents. The poor little birds are almost sure to die soon._________ 10. The opposite of "begin" is_.NOTE: Now check your answers to these questions by turning to page 239. Going over the answers carefully will h e ~ p you prepare for the remaining practices, for which answers are not given.

Check2Using the answer lines, complete each item below with two words from the box.

1-2. "No pain, no gain" is bad advice when it comes to sports injuries.You can eas i ly_ an injury by playing before the pain has _d.

3-4. I f a couple's marriage seems _, family members may try to getinvolved. Bu t _ from relatives sometimes does more harm than good.5-6. It may take _ effort to get along with an _ classmate or coworker,

but learning how to deal with difficult people is a valuable sldll.7-8. Animal-rights activists say it is not right to _ cats, dogs, and

monkeys in medical experiments. However, many researchers arguethat their treatment of the animals is

__________ 9-10. The vocabulary skills class and the study skills class thissemester. Scheduling them for the same day and time probablywasn ' t_ , but students who wanted to take them both are annoyed.


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A. In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item.1. According to the weather report, the rain should cease tonight. Tonight the rain should

A. start, after a period B. get much worse, with c. stop, probably after rainingof dry weather. flooding in some areas. most or allof the day.

2. Maria works at home, and sometimes there is a great dealof interference from her children.The childrenA. help her with her work. B. bother her when she

is trying to work.c. leave for long

periods of time.3. The bus strike coincided with a blizzard, so many offices downtown weredosed. The strike

A. took place a weekafter the blizzard.

B. was called off becauseof the blizzard.

c. happened at the same timeas the blizzard.

4. "I f I hurt your feelings, you canbe sure it was not intentional." IA. tried to hurt

your feelings.B. have hurt you before. c. did not mean to

hurt your feelings.5. The cost of getting wisdom teeth removed is considerable. It is

A. quite expensive. B. much cheaperthan expected.

c. free.

B. In the space provided, write the letterof the word that most closely relates to the situation in eachitem.

6. Mom doesn't like to dispose0 of anything. She uses the comics as wrapping paper, cuts upworn-out rubber gloves to make rubber bands, and saves old stockings to use as dust cloths.A. interference B. humane c. utilize

7. My grandmother took in foster children and also gave much of her time to a program forpregnant teenagers.A. humane B. aggravate c. obnoxious

8. A man at the restaurant was loudly critical0 of other customers and tried to start a fight.B. coincide c. obnoxious

9. My cold got much worse when I went ice skating on the coldest dayof the winter.A. intentional B. aggravate c. utilize

__ 10. Our restaurant table was distinctlyo rocking back and forth, so we put a matchbook underone leg to steady it.A. coincide B. humane c. unstable


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Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. For each item, figure out therelationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (A, B, c, or D) expresses asimilar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. (All the repeated words inthese items are from this unit.)

Note: To review analogies, see pages 6-7.1. AGGRAVATE: WORSEN::

A. improve : make betterc. heal : injure

2. CEASE : BEGIN ::A. continue : go onc. stop : start

3. PRESERVE0 : FURNITURE::A. restore0 : repairc. find : lose

4. OBNOXIOUS: PLEASANT::A. harmful : unpleasantc. annoying : nice

5. UTILIZE: TOOL::A. catch : runc. ship: car

6. UNSTABLE : STEADY ::A. large : bigc. abundant0 : plentiful

7. INTENTIONAL: ON PURPOSE::A. untrue : falsec. planned: prevented

8. REJECTION: ACCEPTANCE::A. hour : timec. school : college

9. INTERFERENCE: ASSISTANCE::A. reductiono: decreasec. teacher : subject

10. VALUABLE: GOLD::A. fragile 0 : glassc. diamond : ruby

B. improve: make worseD. raise: lower

B. stop : quitD. hurry : rush

B. chair: furnitureD. analyze0 :problem

B. annoying : irritatingD. pleasure : enjoyment

B. shaky : wobblyD. swing : bat

B. evident0 : unclearD. busy : happy

B. accidental: on purposeD. hoped for: feared

B. child : childrenD. contrast0 : similarity

B. garbage: bagD. dispute0 : agreement

B. new: oldD. excessive 0 : deliberate0


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> Final CheckRead the passages carefully. Then fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context.

Students say that one of their biggest headaches is what to do when several exams andassignments (1) ; for example, when they have a test and a quiz the sameweek that a paper and a report are due. To deal with this situation, don't panic-that will only(2) your problem. Instead, (3) some study skills thatwill make you a better manager of your time. First, you can get (4 )__________help simply by planning well. Figure out what will take the most time; probably the test will needmore study time than the quiz, and a long report might take more time than a short paper. Settingaside suitable0 amounts of time will give you a sense of control. Second, be sure y o ~ get themost out of the time you've planned. Find a quiet place to work, and don't allow. any(5) from your friends or roommates, TV, radio, or CD player. And third?Well, try adding your own ideas to the list. The more you add, the more self-confident you'll feel.

B. T-t'aining a Puppy

Training a puppy is always a challenge. Although puppies are adorable creatures, theirchewing and snapping can be (6)____________ Their naughtiness is not(7) , of course. They're just doing what comes naturally. However, inorder for puppies to be good members of the household, these improper0 behaviors have to(8)__________ It's up to the human owners to teach puppies good manners.

There are two)mportant points to remember when it comes to training a puppy. The first is totreat the puppy in a (9)___________ manner, rather than a cruel one. For example,scold it by shaking a can of pennies at it instead of slapping it. Secondly, don't do things thatconfuse your dog. If you let it play tug-of-war with an old sneaker, don't be surprised when itchews up your brand-new Nikes. If your dog doesn't understand what you want of it, it is likely todevelop an (10) personality instead of a calm, pleasant one.

Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.

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Unit Five Groundwork