Unit B

Unit B

Important Bits!

Tips

Who

What

Where

When

How

Why

Maintenance

Any mechanical based question

Unit B

Lead / Asbestos

OEL for Lead

Lead other than alkyls

0.15mg/m3 (in atmosphere)

Alkyls

0.10mg/m3

Exposure limit Asbestos

0.1 fibres per cm3

All types

Unit B

CHIP / CLP

Chemicals (Hazard, Info and Packaging for

Supply) Regs 2009

CHIP4

Being progressively replaced by

EU CLP Regs

Classification, Labeling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures CHIP enforcement (local) remains

Moves towards Globally Harmonised System

EU Reg – binding in entirety

CHIP4 Approved Supply List

ASL

Repealed and replaced

Table 3.2 of part 3 of Annex VI - CLP

Unit B

Chemicals – R/A

1. ID the hazards

2. Decide who can be harmed and how

Suitable and Sufficient R/A

ID all groups

3. Evaluate risk and decide precautions

Likelihood and severity

4. Record findings and implement

ERIC P(d)

D = DISCIPLINE Training, rules, instr.

5. Review as necessary

Unit B

LEV

COSHH

Requirement for testing

14 months min depends on contaminant

Jute cloth = monthly

Components

Hood

Ducting

Filter

Fan

outlet

Unit B

LEV

Design features

Hood

Captor / receptor

Mobility?

Ducting

No corners – straight / gentle curves

Junctions – curved or angled

Short as possible

Resistant to cont.

Filter

Capable of dealing with corrosive nature of cont.

Fan

Resistant / protected

High enough power

Unit B

LEV

Parameters to measure

Face velocity Hood / inlet

Overcome momentum to draw in

Use vane anemometer

Transport velocity Through ducting

Smoke tubes / hot wire anemometer

Ensure levels throughout – no settlement

Pressure differential Between filter and fan

Should be zero – no blockages

Use of fitted display gauge

Fan speed High enough

Outlet air quality Clean

Leaks Smoke tubes

Draeger tubes

Unit B

LEV

Reports - contents

Competence

Relate measurements to WEL’s

Condition of system

Contaminants present

Recommendations

Unit B

WEL’s

WATCH

Working Group on Action To Control Chemicals

Substances reviewed by WATCH first

Values recommended to ACTS

Decision based on scientific judgement of available info on health effects

ACTS

Advisory Committee on Toxic Substances

Makes recommendation to HSE

Also influenced by EU IOELV

Element B4

WEL’s

WEL

Derived by using criteria:

Value set at level at which no adverse effects

expected

If this value not identifiable, the based on what would

be considered to be good control

Taking into account severity of hazards and cost and

effectiveness of controls

WEL should not be set at level where there is

evidence of adverse effects on human health

Element B4

WEL’S

TWA -

8 Hours or 15 mins

Look out for 15 min / individual tasks – EH40

COSHH

Reduce exposure as far below as reasonably

practicable

If above – investigate and rectify – controls

Carcinogens – aim to be as far below as RP

WILL require technical controls

Unit B

WEL’S

EH40

Actions – ERIC(P)D

Personal monitoring

Shows peaks / time

8 hrs

Known volume of air

To pump / filter

Obtain results

Passive sampling

Absorb onto sampler / paper

No peaks – only total

Unit B

Noise

CNWR

> 80 dBA

Assessment / survey

Competent persons / equipment

Frequency / attenuation

Aim to reduce below 80 dBA

Reduce

Not over reduce

Unit B

Noise

LEPd

Personal noise dose meter

Leq

Intergrated Sound Level Meter

TWA

Use with octave band analyser

Human range

20Hz to 20kHz

Unit B

Noise

+ 3 dB = double

Two sources

90 + 90 = 93 dBA

Reduce to ½ = 90

Reduce to ¼ = 87

90 + 95

+ 1.5 to louder one = 96.5

10 dB rule

Two sources – ignore one 10 lower

Unit B

Noise

Technical controls

Isolation

Damping / silencers

Enclosures

Sound absorbent materials

Sound barriers

Unit B

Vibration

Questions will be

Effects

Data – recommendations

HAVS Hierarchy of Controls

Avoidance Machinery / automation

Substitute Tools – lighter weight, less momentum; lighter grip

Reduce Trigger time

Rotate tasks

Maintenance

Info etc Recognise early symptoms

PPE

Unit B

Vibration Dose

Dose =

Magnitude of vibration and exposure time

Below action level – risk of harm unlikely

Dose – over 8 hr period

Equal vibration energy

Vibration of given magnitude for given time is equally hazardous

as half magnitude for twice the time.

HSE

Ready reckoner to calculate exposures and relative dose

Element B6 / 5

Whole Body Vibration

WBV

Human response depends on resonance of body

Impinges on all organs

Vehicle seats, farm vehicles, heavy equip, ships,

planes

Most common complaint is back pain (lower)

May also be down to bad posture, bad diet, stress (traffic)

Rest periods play complex role in overall performance

Element B6 / 5

Whole Body Vibration

At Risk Groups

Drivers of mobile machines

Tractors, FLT, quarry, earth moving

Sit or stand on vibrating equipment

Fast boats, rough seas; compaction, hammering,

punching machines; railway vehicles; helicopters

Lack of maintenance

Increases likelihood

Element B6 / 5

Hand-Arm Vibration

HAV

Specific effects of intense vibration to hands and

arms are long term damage to soft tissues, bones,

joints

Raynauds Phenomenon (Vibration White Finger)

Form of HAVS – usually hand tools

Symptoms progressive

No cure or treatment

Fingers throb in cold

Intermittent tingling and numbing

Continued exposure – “dead finger”, “hot aches”

Element B6 / 5

Hand-Arm Vibration

Stockholm Scale

Classification of HAVS

Separate grading for each hand

HAVS

Most common with low freq vibrations

Element B6 / 5

Vibration

Measuring

Ok to use Manuf Data

Will always be best case

Or

Occ. Hygienist

Tri – Axyl Accelerometer

Data to HSE Ready reckoner

Unit B

Vibration

R/A

Frequency of use of tools

People – competence

Nature of tool

Environment conditions

Cold / damp – VWF

Pre existing controls

Unit B

Exposure Action Value

CVWR

HAVS

Daily EAV – 2.5 m/s2 (8hrs)

WBV

Daily EAV – 0.5 m/s2 (8hrs)

Exposure above action value – surveillance, info,

instruct, training

Element B6 / 6

Exposure Limit Value

CVWR

HAVS

Daily ELV – 5 m/s2 (8hrs)

WBV

Daily ELV – 1.15 m/s2 (8hrs)

Max amount of vibration, must not be exceeded

Element B6 / 6

Radiation

Ionising

Removes an electron

Creates Positive Ion

If exposed to body –

Alters cells / DNA

Birth defects

Cells multiply

Cancers

Unit B

N N

Neutron

Proton

Electron

Stable Atom

Equal Protons and Electrons

Radiation

Ionising

4 types

Alpha / Beta Particles

Alpha – slow, heavy; ingestion effects

Beta – high energy, long range; electrons; skin pervasion

Gamma / x-ray Wavelength

Electromagnetic

Lead sheilding

Unit B

Sources

Man Made

Healthcare

Nuclear industry

Security equipment

Smoke detectors

Baggage inspection

Medical

Element B7 / 3