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UNIT 9. MACHINES

A MACHINE IS ANY OBJECT THAT WE USE TO PERFORM A TASK WITH LESS EFFORT OR MORE

SPEED.

MACHINES

HELP US

LIFT WEIGHTS MOVE FROM DO DOMESTICS HEAT OUR COMUNICATE ONE PLACE TO TASKS HOUSES & ANOTHER PLAY

MACHINES need ENERGY to work.

SPANNER CART COMPUTERS CARS & AEROPLANES WINDMILLS NEED MOVE IF NEED TO BE MOVE WITH NEED

FORCE HORSE PLUGGED FUEL WIND OR PULLS IT (GASOLINA) WATER

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SIMPLE MACHINES

ONE PIECE OR VERY FEW PIECES

INCLINED PLANE LEVER WHEEL PULLEY

RAMP: STRONG RIGID BAR SORT CYLINDER THAT WHEEL WITH A THAT MOVE ON A TURNS ON A BAR THAT CHANNEL AROUND *BETWEEN 2 POINTS POINT OF SUPPORT PASSES THROUGH ITS ITS OUTER EDGE DIFERENT LEVELS CENTRE INCREASED POWER A ROPE OR CABLE *REDUCE THE FORCE BAR CALLED AXLE SITS INSIDE CHANNEL TO RAISE HEAVY OBJECTS *CAN LIFT HEAVY OR ONE LEVEL TO ANOTHER CRUSH OBJECTS *MOVE HEAVY *HELP US LIFT

OBJECTS OBJECTS WITH LITTE EFFORT

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COMPOUND MACHINES

*ARE MADE FROM MANY PARTS *ARE VERY EFFICIENT (USE LESS ENERGY TO GREATER EFFECT)

A MOTOR OTHER COMPOUND MACHINES

*MACHINE THAT TRANSFORM THE ENERGY *PERFORM DIVERSE TASKS WITH THE IT RECIVES INTO MOVIMENT. ENERGY THAT THEY RECIVE. FUEL ELECTRICITY LAMPS BOILERS TV COMPUTERS *WORK ON WATER CURRENTS WIND AN ANIMAL PRODUCE PRODUCE TRANSFORM TRANSFORM

STRENGTH OF LIGHT HEAT ELECTRICAL ELECTRICAL A HUMAN SIGNALS SIGNAL

INTO INTO *CAN BE CONNECTED TO OTHERS MACHINES: IMAGES INFORMATION PRODUCE MOVEMENT & MOST VEHICLES SOUND MACHINES IN *HAS GOT MOTOS FACTORIES MACHINES IN OUR HOMES

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MACHINES HELP US

HUMANS HAVE BUILT AND USED MACHINES SINCE ANCIENT TIMES

THE FIRST MACHINES (THE OLDEST)

VERY SIMPLE – MADE FROM NATURAL MATERIALS - WORKED BY HUMAN FORCE AND LATER BY DOMESTIC ANIMALS.

LEVERS RAMPS SLEDS *MADE FROM TREE BRANCHES *MADE FROM SAND *TO MOVE STONE & & STONES. HEAVY MATERIALS

*LATER: BALANCES & CATAPULTS.

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HOW MACHINES EVOLVED WITH THE INVENTION OF WHEEL, AXLES AND LEVERS WE STARTED TO USE OTHER FORMS OF

ENERGY: THE POWER OF WIND & WATER CARTS WATERWHEELS HIDRAULIC WHEELS WINDMILLS FISRT CRANES *PULLED BY HORSES, *USED TO *USED ENERGY OF *USED TO GRIND *MADE OXEN & DONKEYS. WATER CROPS FLOWING WATER GRAIN & PUMP OF WOOD WATER TRANSPORT *MOVE WITH *POWERED *USED WATER *WORKED WITH BY HUMAN IN WAR THE POWER OF & ANIMALS WIND. *USED TO CONSTRUCT BIG BUILDINGS (CATHEDRALS & CASTLES

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MACHINES TODAY TODAY WE USE SIMPLES MACHINES AND NEW COMPOUND MACHINES WITH COMPLEX COMPUTERS AND MOTORS SUCH A ROBOTS: CAN FUNCTIONS WITHOUT HUMANS. USED ENERGY SUCH A FUEL & ELECTRICITY IN OUR HOMES WASHING MACHINES DISHWASHERS FOOD PROCESSORS PRINTERS VACUUM CLEANERS

A) MACHINES THAT HELP US AT WORK

AGRICULTURAL LIVESTOK FISHERMEN INDUSTRY SCIENTIFIC & MEDICAL FARMERS FARMERS RESEACH USE USE USE USE USE TRACTORS & MACHINES TO BOATS WITH CRANERS, MICROSCOPES, HARVERSTERS MILK COWS RADARS CONVEYORS BELT X-RAY MACHINES, OTHERS SATELITES

MACHINES TO

FEED ANIMALS

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B) MACHINES OF TRANSPORT

TRANSPORT CAN BE

ON LAND ON WATER BY AIR TRAIN-LORRIES-CARS-MOTORBIKES BOAT AND COMPLEX MACHINES AEROPLANES

& HELICOPTERS

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C) MACHINES FOR RECREATION AND COMMUNICATION TELEPHONES-RADIOS-TELEVISIONS RADIOS-TELEVISIONS-COMPUTERS COMPUTERS CONNECTED INTERNET TRANSMIT INFORMATION A LOT OF PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME LET US COMMUNICATE