Unit8:The1920sandtheNewDeal

Sec3–TheGreatDepression

HerbertHoover•  HerbertHoover–electedin1928•  Campaignedonpro-businesspoliciesof

HardingandCoolidge.•  Believedthegovernmentshouldbemore

acHvethaneitherofhispredecessors.

HerbertHoover

StockMarketCrash•  ThestockmarketcrashedinOctober1929.•  On"BlackTuesday"ofOctober29,1929,millionsof

stocksweresoldinapanic.•  Asaresultofthecrash,millionslosttheirjobsand

thousandsofbanksclosed.•  ThiscrashledtotheGreatDepression.

TheGreatDepression•  OneofthemaincausesoftheGreatDepression-

overproducBonbyfarmsandfactories.– Over-expansionofcreditalsocontributedtothedepression.

•  AdroughtscorchedtheMississippiValley,causingthousandsoffarmstobesold–ledto1933DustBowl

•  Hoovervilles:anicknameforHn-and-papershantytowns.

Hawley-SmootTariff•  TheHawley-SmootTariffof1930-

America’shighestprotecHvetariffduringpeaceHme.

•  Ledtoretaliatorytariffs–TradeWar

HooverBaJlestheGreatDepression•  Congresstoallocatedmoneyforusefulpublicworks.(ex:the

HooverDam)•  CongressalsooutlawedanH-unioncontractsandbarredfederal

courtsfromstoppingstrikes,boycoYs,andpeacefulpickeHng.

TheBonusArmy•  WWIVeterans-The"BonusExpediBonaryForce"(BEF)demandedthatCongressfullypaytheirdeferredbonusesearly(notsupposedtogetunHl1945)

•  PresidentHooversentinthearmytoevacuatethegroup.NegaHvepublicityforHoover.

FranklinD.Roosevelt

•  FranklinD.Roosevelt-goodpublicspeaker.Calledforabalancedbudgetandsocialandeconomicreforms.

•  FDR'swife,EleanorRoosevelt,veryacHveherhusband'spoliHcalcareer.

Eleanor Roosevelt

ElecBonof1932

•  DemocratFDRsupportedaNewDealforthe"forgoYenman."

•  RepublicanHerbertHoover-reaffirmedfaithfreeenterpriseandindividualism.

ElecBonof1932•  FranklinRooseveltwon•  AfricanAmericansandWomenbecameavitalpartoftheDemocraHcParty,especiallyintheurbancentersoftheNorth.–  FDRmaintainedSouthernDemocratsaswell

FDR’sCoaliHon•  NorthernLiberals•  AfricanAmericans•  WesternFarmers•  Women•  SouthernDemocrats(Dixiecrats)•  BlueCollarWorkers

•  FDR–MasterpoliHcian,maintainedmanydifferentfacHonswithoutfracturingtheparty.