Unit 8: Chemical Reactions

Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and Decomposition

Types of Chemical Reactions

1. Synthesis2. Decomposition3. Single Replacement4. Double Replacement5. Combustion

Predicting Products

1. Synthesis: Two elements combine to form a compoundCommon form:

Element + Element Compound

A + B AB

Examples of synthesis:

sodium + chlorine

magnesium + phosphorus

sulfur + aluminum

sodium chloride

magnesiumphosphide

aluminum sulfide

(Metal) (Non-metal) (Metal) (Non-metal)

Predicting Products

2. Decomposition: A compound breaks down into elements and/or smaller compoundsCommon form:Compound Element + Element AB A + B

Examples of decomposition:

potassium nitride potassium + nitrogen

Go back to the non-metal’s original ending.

Examples of “special” decompositions:

1.

Example of a metal chlorate decomposition:

barium chlorate barium chloride +

oxygen

metal chlorate metal chloride + oxygen

Always a part of the product!

(ClO3)-

1

Examples of “special” decompositions:

2.

Example of a metal carbonate decomposition:

potassium carbonatepotassium oxide + carbon

dioxide

metal carbonate metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Always a part of the product!

(CO3)-2

Examples of “special” decompositions:

3.

Example of a metal hydroxide decomposition:

tin (IV) hydroxidetin(IV) oxide +

water

metal hydroxide metal oxide + water

Always a part of the product!

(OH)-1

Don’t forget the Roman numeral!