Unit 7: Abnormal PsychologyDay 1: Disorders & Classification

• Essential Question– What are the causes &

effects of psychological disorders?

– How are psychological disorders diagnosed and treated?

• Objectives (write this down!):– I can: apply the

concepts of the DSM-IV

• DAILY COMMENTARY (in a spiral notebook!):– What distinguishes odd

behavior from something that is truly a psychological disorder?

Unit 11: Abnormal PsychologyDay 1: Disorders & Classification

• Today:– DC– Discussion of Class Format

& Grading– UMAD & the DSM-IV– Applying the DSM-IV– Assign Disorder Projects

• On Desk: – RJ 11.1 & 11.2 (E.C.)

• For Tonight:– Research for disorder

project; read sections relevant to your assigned disorders; additional research will be required

Mid Term Data Analysis

• 3 is required to pass the AP Psych Exam– Mid Term Data:

• 3 5s• 5 4s• 5 3s• 5 2s (4 were within 4

points of a 3)• 2 1s• 1 yet to take it

• How the exam is scored:– MC questions worth 1 pt– FRQ section worth 50

points (so each term worth 3.125)

– Add up MC + FRQ to get composite score

– Convert Composite score to 1-5 scale• 107+=5• 90-106=4• 73-89=3

Modified Grading & Class Structure

• Reading Journals now 10% rather than 15% of process grade

• 5% will be based on random, unannounced reading quizzes; this will be easy if you have done your reading journals; they might even be open note at times

• Extra Credit option: – Create a unit review packet that you and other students

can complete. It should have a majority of key terms from the unit, and should use a variety of formats (ie, fill in the blanks, charts, matching, short answer, diagrams, etc.)

5

Psychological Disorders

Chapter 16

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Psychological Disorders

I felt the need to clean my room … spent four to five hour at it … At the time I loved it but then

didn't want to do it any more, but could not stop … The clothes hung … two fingers apart …I touched my bedroom wall before leaving the house … I had constant anxiety … I thought I

might be nuts.Marc, diagnosed with

obsessive-compulsive disorder(from Summers, 1996)

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Psychological Disorders

People are fascinated by the exceptional, the unusual, and the abnormal. This fascination may be caused by two

reasons:1. During various moments we feel, think, and act like an

abnormal individual.

2. Psychological disorders may bring unexplained physical symptoms, irrational fears, and suicidal thoughts.

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Psychological Disorders

To study the abnormal is the best way of understanding the normal.

1. There are 450 million people suffering from psychological disorders (WHO, 2004).

2. Depression and schizophrenia exist in all cultures of the world.

William James (1842-1910)

Taboo• We don’t treat psychological issues the same

way we treat medical issues.– 10% of the world population will be diagnosed

with a psychological disorder at some point of their lives

– 15% of Americans will

Suppose:

• Aunt Phyllis has a chronic heart condition• Aunt Alice has paranoid schizophrenia

– Do we feel the same way about them?– Do we treat them the same way?

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Criteria of Psychological Disorder

1. UMAD– U- Unjustifiable Behavior– M- Maladaptive behavior: • does it disrupt daily routines?

– A- Atypical• Is it unusual?

– D – Disturbing• Is it disturbing to the person, others, or both?

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Deviant, Distressful & Dysfunctional

1.Deviant behavior (going naked) in one culture may be considered normal, while in others it may lead to arrest.

2.Deviant behavior must accompany distress.

3. If a behavior is dysfunctional it is clearly a disorder.

In the Wodaabe tribe men wear costumes to

attract women. In Western society this would be considered

abnormal.

Carol Beckwith

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Overview of Psychological Disorders

Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder

and Panic Disorder Phobias Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders Anxiety Disorder Explanation

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Overview of Psychological Disorders

Mood Disorders Major Depressive Disorders Bipolar Disorder Mood Disorder Explanation

Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia Subtypes of Schizophrenia

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Overview of Psychological Disorders

Schizophrenia Understanding

Schizophrenia

Personality Disorders

Rates of Psychological Disorders

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Understanding Psychological Disorders

Ancient Treatments of psychological disorders include trephination, exorcism, being caged

like animals, being beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, or transfused with animal’s blood.

Trephination (boring holes in the skull to remove evil forces)

John W. Verano

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Medical Perspective

Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) from France, insisted that madness was not due to

demonic possession, but an ailment of the mind.

Dance in the madhouse.

George W

esley Bellows, D

ancer in a Madhouse, 1907. ©

1997 The Art Institute of Chicago

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Medical Model

When physicians discovered that syphilis led to mental disorders, they started using

medical models to review the physical causes of these disorders.

1. Etiology: Cause and development of the disorder.2. Diagnosis: Identifying (symptoms) and distinguishing

one disease from another.3. Course: when/how a disorder first becomes

noticeable, and how it spreads either within the body/brain or over time

4. Treatment: Treating a disorder in a psychiatric hospital.

5. Prognosis: Forecast about the disorder.

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Biopsychosocial Perspective

Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, and psychological factors combine and

interact to produce psychological disorders.

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Classifying Psychological Disorders

The American Psychiatric Association uses a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) to describe

psychological disorders.

The most recent edition, DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision, 2000), describes 400

psychological disorders compared to 60 in the 1950s.

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Multiaxial Classification

Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems (school or housing issues) also present?Axis IV

What is the Global Assessment of the person’s functioning?Axis V

Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypertension or arthritis etc) also present?Axis III

Is a Personality Disorder or Mental Retardation present?Axis II

Is a Clinical Syndrome (cognitive, anxiety, mood disorders [16 syndromes]) present?Axis I

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Goals of DSM

1. Describe (400) disorders.2. Determine how prevalent the

disorder is.

Disorders outlined by DSM-IV are reliable. Therefore, diagnoses by different professionals are similar.

Others criticize DSM-IV for “putting any kind of behavior within the compass of psychiatry.”

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Labeling Psychological Disorders

1. Critics of the DSM-IV argue that labels may stigmatize individuals.

Asylum baseball team (labeling)

Elizabeth Eckert, Middletow

n, NY. From

L. Gam

well and

N. Tom

es, Madness in Am

erica, 1995. Cornell University Press.

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Labeling Psychological Disorders

2. Labels may be helpful for healthcare professionals when communicating with one another and establishing therapy.

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Labeling Psychological Disorders

3. “Insanity” labels raise moral and ethical questions about how society should treat people who have disorders and have committed crimes.

Theodore Kaczynski(Unabomber)

Elaine Thompson/ AP Photo

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING

1. Review: “DSM EXPLAINED” attachment in Edmodo

2. Follow link in edmodo and practice applying the DSM individually at your laptop: http://gln.dcccd.edu/psychology/Lesson23/lsn23_activityB.htm

3. Individually read & jot down your answers for “Defining Pschological Disorders” handout

Disorders & Therapies Project• See handout & detailed posting on class website

1. Select 3 disorders within one category2. Research them extensively. Focus on: • diagnostic criteria (symptoms)• Course & prevalence (when it sets in, how common it is)• Etiology (causes)• Treatment (medical, therapies, etc.); at least 3 options each

3. Design interactive, multimedia presentation to the class on each of your assigned disorders. You will present at least one.

4. Therapies: Creative Component: • skits/discussions of therapeutic choices for a variety of

disorders