Unit 6: Nationalism and Imperialism

As a result of Enlightenment ideals, nationalism spreads throughout Europe

and countries controlled by Europe.

Groups controlled seek independence from their colonizing power, showing the

strength of national fervor!

Boundaries of Europe:East- Ural Mountains Caspian SeaSouth-Caucuses Mountains to the SEMediterranean SeaBlack SeaCaspian Sea

Create NOTECARDS:

• Create notecards on the ‘key terms and people’ from pages 695 and 701.– Side 1: write the term– Side 2: write the definition of the term

– Number the cards in the upper right-hand corner starting with #1

Complete the chart on:The Men of the Independence Movement in Latin America

Toussaint L’Ouverture

PadreMiguelHidalgo

Jose MarieMorelos

Agustin De Iturbide

Simon Bolivar

Jose deSan Martin

Pedro I

Location:Haiti

Mexico Northern area ofSouth America

Southernarea of South America

Brazil

Details:1771- freed1791- led slave revolt to gain freedom from French

1802- armistice1803- captured/died1804- Independence

Why significant?

Independence in Latin America

Beginnings of the Independence Mvmts

• inspired by the Enlightenment, the American & French Revolutions become the model

• Saint Domingue: 1st to fight for independence– began as slave revolt, led by Toussaint L’Ouverture– gained independence in 1804 & renamed Haiti

• Spanish & Portuguese colonies had social hierarchy– peninsulares: born in Spain or Portugal– creoles: born in the Americas (…but had European parents)– mulatos: people of mixed race– natives & slaves

• Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain & Portugal, weakening European control of their colonies

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Mexican Independence

Mexico

• 1810 Miguel Hidalgo started revolt Sept. 16th (Mexican Independence Day)– captured and killed, but still

known as Father of Mexican Independence

• 1821- Mexico gained independence

• Mexican Independence- clip

South America• main leaders for independence – Simon

Bolivar and Jose de San Martin– Bolivar known as “the Liberator” helped northern S.

American independence Bolivar- clip• I am NOT recommending this film as I haven’t seen it and it is R…. The trailer is a nice short clip to

show you what he did.

– San Martin helped southern S. America gain independence

• Bolivar and San Martin met:– San Martin went back to Europe– Bolivar left in control

• Portuguese king fled to Brazil, his son Pedro gained independence for Brazil

Monroe Doctrine and Bolivar

Bolivar and San Martin Meet

USA takes action…• 1803: Thomas Jefferson, Louisiana

Purchase from Napoleon Bonaparte (France)

• 1823: Monroe Doctrine – European nations are not

allowed to interfere in the affairs of the Americas

• As a result, Americans felt a destiny to expand (manifest destiny)

• 1830 Indian Removal Act:– kicked 5 Native American

groups out of homes and into Indian Territory out west

– Trail of Tears was Cherokee march (1/4 died)

The American Civil War• because of the cotton gin, slavery became an institution in the

southern states of the United States (“King Cotton”)• Northern states: wanted the abolition of slavery

– states’ rights issues (inc. slavery) brought about the Civil War between the states

– Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860: South Carolina, 1st state to secede

• Confederate States of America > Robert E. Lee: best general on either side (Lincoln’s top choice, but turned down)

• 1863 Emancipation Proclamation: President Lincoln frees the slaves in the CSA (rebel states) LINCOLN– Battle of Gettysburg, July 1863: turning point battle of the war!– General Lee & CSA surrender to General Grant & USA (April 9th,

1865) at Appomattox Court House in Virginia• 13th Amendment: slavery is abolished• 14th Amendment: citizenship to all former slaves• 15th Amendment: African-American males can vote

US Civil War

Imperialism in Latin America?

• With countries in Latin America being declared independent….what country was exerting power over the region?

…answer….

• The United States

Back to Latin America…• the politics of Mexico were controlled by Santa

Anna, after the Mexican-American War 1846-48– revolving door of power– Pancho Villa & Emiliano Zapata fought for the

peasants & the workers

• calls for Cuban independence led to the Spanish-American War (1898)– the United States got Philippines, Puerto Rico &

Guam…but not Cuba (Treaty of Paris 1898)

Villa and ZapataUSS Maine

The United States as a “Protector”

• President Theodore Roosevelt sent American troops to help “liberate” Panama from Colombia– in exchange, the United States built & controlled Panama

Canal (connecting Atlantic & Pacific Oceans)

• T.R. also issued the “Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine” saying the United States would use their military might to keep Europeans out of the Americas– U.S. = police power of the Caribbean & Latin America– mixed feelings in Latin America towards U.S. involvement

Roosevelt Corollary Panama Canal

In-Class Assessment

1. From which nation, did the United States gain the Louisiana Purchase in 1803?

2. What was the Monroe Doctrine (1823)?

3. What was manifest destiny?

4. What was the Indian Removal Act?

5. Of all the issues of state rights’ between the American states, what is the most well-known issue that divided the United States?

Additional Assignments:

• Not assigned Spring 2015

Complete the map on Europe, using p. R40 in the text (label).

Color the map using at least 4-5 colors.

Outline the countries.~~~~~~~~

Boundaries of Europe:East- Ural Mountains Caspian SeaSouth-Caucuses Mountains to the SEMediterranean SeaBlack SeaCaspian Sea