Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Unit 6: Learning
Associative learning: learning that two events are linked together. Both classical and operant conditioning are types of associative learning.
How do we learn?
Most learning is associative learning Learning that certain events occur together.
Unit 5: Learning
It’s a matter of instinct, a matter of conditioning,
a matter of fact. You can call me Pavlov’s dog.
Ring a bell and I’ll salivate,How’d you like that?”
“Brian Wilson” by the Barenaked Ladies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ch84fmOa414
Topic: Classical Conditioning
Ivan PAVLOV
discovered classical conditioning
conducted the famous salivating dog experiment
ring my bell
key name184
9-1
936
Pavlov’s Dog Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
tuning fork / bell
sight of food
salivation
tuning fork / bell
salivation
Grayson Couch
True story: Every time I go near the area where Grayson’s treats are kept, Grayson comes and sits, waiting for a treat.NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
table
treats
come and sit
table
come and sit
jaws
Bobby watched the movie JAWS when he was 4-years-old. Now, every time he hears the song, “da-duh, dah-duh, da-duh…) he gets anxious.
NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
“da-duh”
scary movie
fear / anxiety
“da-duh”
fear / anxiety
Pavlov's Dog in the Office
Pavlov’s Dog – the Office
NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
“computer sound”
offer of mint
put hand out
“computer sound”
put hand out
Lemonade Activity*
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction when a CR no longer follows a CS
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
“da-duh”
fear / anxiety
Remember the example of a person fearing the Jaws song?
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
spontaneous recovery
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
“da-duh”
fear / anxiety
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
“da-duh”
fear / anxiety
Time Passes
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
generalization similar stimuli elicit similar responses
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
tuning fork
salivation
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
Now the dog salivates whenever he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has GENERALIZED.
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
discriminationlearned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
tuning fork
salivation
Remember Pavlov’s dog example?
The dog only salivates when he hears that particular tuning fork; never when he hears bells, alarm clocks, or music. The dog has DISCRIMINATED.
More Classical Conditioning Terminology
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalization
discrimination
when a CR no longer follows a CS
Reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period
similar stimuli elicit similar responses
learned ability to distinguish between a CS and other similar stimuli
Can I Get A Volunteer to Be Conditioned?*
“Water in the Face Demo”
NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
The word “CAN”
Spray
Wincing at spray
The word “CAN”
Wincing at “CAN”
John WATSON
founder of Behaviorism
conducted the famous & controversial “Little Albert” experiment
key name187
8-1
958
Little Albert Video
Watson’s Baby Albert Experiment
NS (neutral stimulus):
UCS (unconditioned stimulus)
UCR (unconditioned response)
CS (conditioned stimulus)
CR (conditioned response)
furry things
loud noise
startled
furry things
startled
John GARCIAkey name
Born
in 1
917
Discovered idea of Taste Aversion
Taste aversion later became known as the “Garcia Effect”
Garcia’s Taste Aversion Studies Set up experiment with rats.
Exposed them to sights, sounds, and tastes (CS) and later also gave them radiation or drugs that led to nausea and vomiting (UCR).
Even if sickened hours later, rats avoided the particular flavor of water but did NOT develop aversions to the sights or sounds.
Importance of Taste Aversion Studies
1.) Violated behaviorists principle that any stimulus could serve as a CS.
2.) Shows that nature prepares the members of each species to learn those things crucial to their survival.
3.) Are exceptions to classical conditioning rules: UCS does not always have to follow CS immediately.
