Unit 6: Chapter 12, Section 4Unit 6: Chapter 12, Section 4

Title:Title: Texas Becomes A State Texas Becomes A State Main Idea: Main Idea: Efforts for Texas annexation were Efforts for Texas annexation were

given a boost by the changing political given a boost by the changing political atmosphere in the United States.atmosphere in the United States.

Key Terms: Key Terms: manifest destiny, joint resolutionmanifest destiny, joint resolution Key People:Key People: Mary Maverick, James K. Polk, Mary Maverick, James K. Polk,

Henry Clay, Anson JonesHenry Clay, Anson Jones

Life in the Republic of TexasLife in the Republic of Texasa.a. Mary MaverickMary Maverick, and her husband Samuel, , and her husband Samuel,

established a large ranch near the established a large ranch near the San AntonioSan Antonio area. area.

b.b. She recorded her daily life in She recorded her daily life in diariesdiaries and and journalsjournals between the days of the Republic of between the days of the Republic of Texas and the Civil War. She worked hard Texas and the Civil War. She worked hard making sure the making sure the historyhistory of of TexasTexas was preserved. was preserved.

Mary MaverickMary Maverick ““This year our slaves plowed and planted above the This year our slaves plowed and planted above the

Alamo and were attacked by Indians. In November, a Alamo and were attacked by Indians. In November, a party of ladies and gentlemen from Houston came to party of ladies and gentlemen from Houston came to visit San Antonio—they rode on horseback. They visit San Antonio—they rode on horseback. They were, ladies and all, armed with pistols and bowie were, ladies and all, armed with pistols and bowie knives. I rode with this party around the head of the knives. I rode with this party around the head of the San Antonio River. We galloped home, and doubted San Antonio River. We galloped home, and doubted not that Indians watched us from the heavy timber of not that Indians watched us from the heavy timber of the river bottom. The gentlemen of the party the river bottom. The gentlemen of the party numbered six, and were all mounted on fine animals.” numbered six, and were all mounted on fine animals.” – from – from Memoirs of Mary A. MaverickMemoirs of Mary A. Maverick, published in , published in 19211921

Mary MaverickMary Maverick

Freedoms and Slavery in the Freedoms and Slavery in the Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas

a.a. The establishment of the Republic of Texas was The establishment of the Republic of Texas was based on based on freedomsfreedoms most Texans had when they most Texans had when they lived in the United States. This meant that they lived in the United States. This meant that they would not live under a would not live under a dictatorshipdictatorship (political) and (political) and their their civil liberties civil liberties (civil/religious) like speech, (civil/religious) like speech, religion, press, and assembly would be religion, press, and assembly would be protected under a protected under a constitutionconstitution. .

b.b. Slavery was Slavery was legalizedlegalized, and free slaves had to , and free slaves had to get an get an actact of of CongressCongress to remain legal in Texas. to remain legal in Texas.

The Texas QuestionThe Texas Questiona.a. Throughout the years of the Republic, most Throughout the years of the Republic, most

TexansTexans still wanted Texas to join the still wanted Texas to join the U.S.A.U.S.A.

b.b. By Houston’s second term, the “By Houston’s second term, the “Texas Texas QuestionQuestion” became an important issue in ” became an important issue in American politics. American politics.

c.c. Some Americans were against annexing Texas Some Americans were against annexing Texas because it would benefit because it would benefit slave ownersslave owners and might and might cause warcause war with with MexicoMexico. .

The Texas QuestionThe Texas Question

d.d. By April By April 18441844, the U.S.A. and Texas signed a , the U.S.A. and Texas signed a treatytreaty that would make Texas a that would make Texas a territoryterritory of the of the U.S.A. Texas would also give all its U.S.A. Texas would also give all its public lands public lands in exchange for the U.S.A. to pay all its debts. in exchange for the U.S.A. to pay all its debts.

e.e. Most Texans were surprised when the U.S. Most Texans were surprised when the U.S. SenateSenate rejected the treaty by a vote of rejected the treaty by a vote of 3535 to to 1616. .

f.f. Most senators Most senators opposedopposed it because Texas would it because Texas would enter the U.S. as a enter the U.S. as a slave stateslave state and give the and give the SouthSouth an advantage in the Senate (i.e. South > an advantage in the Senate (i.e. South > North). North).

Polk Wins the U.S. ElectionPolk Wins the U.S. Election

a.a. In the U.S. presidential election of 1844, In the U.S. presidential election of 1844, James K. Polk James K. Polk of the Democratic Party of the Democratic Party narrowly defeated narrowly defeated Henry ClayHenry Clay from the Whig from the Whig Party. Party.

b.b. Polk heavily Polk heavily favoredfavored annexation of Texas. annexation of Texas.

c.c. Polk and most Americans believed the U.S.A. Polk and most Americans believed the U.S.A. was destined to was destined to expandexpand from the Atlantic coast from the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast—to the Pacific coast—manifest destiny.manifest destiny.

Polk vs. ClayPolk vs. Clay

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

U.S. Congress and Texas Approve AnnexationU.S. Congress and Texas Approve AnnexationHow did Texas become a State? (3 steps)How did Texas become a State? (3 steps)

a.a. First, the U.S. Congress proposed that Texas be First, the U.S. Congress proposed that Texas be annexed by annexed by joint resolutionjoint resolution, a resolution passed , a resolution passed by both houses of Congress that has the force of by both houses of Congress that has the force of law and a law and a simple majoritysimple majority of each house (instead of each house (instead of two-thirds majority vote required by the Senate of two-thirds majority vote required by the Senate to approve a treaty).to approve a treaty).

i.i. Congress passed this on February 28, 1845.Congress passed this on February 28, 1845.

ii.ii. The joint resolution provided for The joint resolution provided for immediateimmediate statehoodstatehood, , bypassing the time Texas would be a territory.bypassing the time Texas would be a territory.

U.S. Capitol BuildingU.S. Capitol Building

Mexico Offers RecognitionMexico Offers Recognition

a.a. FranceFrance and and Great BritainGreat Britain preferred Texas stay an preferred Texas stay an independent nation, rather than joining the U.S.A. independent nation, rather than joining the U.S.A.

b.b. They tried to convince They tried to convince MexicoMexico to recognize Texas to recognize Texas so the annexation wouldn’t happen. so the annexation wouldn’t happen.

c.c. In May 1845, Mexico offered to recognize Texas In May 1845, Mexico offered to recognize Texas on on 1 1 condition – Texas must condition – Texas must rejectreject annexation by annexation by the USA. the USA.

d.d. Texas rejected the proposal and voted to Texas rejected the proposal and voted to approveapprove annexation by the U.S.A. annexation by the U.S.A.

U.S. Congress and Texas Approve AnnexationU.S. Congress and Texas Approve AnnexationHow did Texas become a State? (3 steps)How did Texas become a State? (3 steps)

b.b. Second, Second, Anson JonesAnson Jones, president of Texas in , president of Texas in 1844, called a 1844, called a special session special session of the Texas of the Texas Congress to consider and vote for annexation. Congress to consider and vote for annexation.

i.i. The Texas congress approved annexation on The Texas congress approved annexation on October 13, 1845. October 13, 1845.

ii.ii. They also wrote a new They also wrote a new state constitutionstate constitution. .

c.c. Third, on Third, on December 29, 1845December 29, 1845, U.S. President , U.S. President PolkPolk signed the resolution that made Texas a signed the resolution that made Texas a statestate. .

Texas Capitol BuildingTexas Capitol Building

““The Republic of Texas is No More!”The Republic of Texas is No More!”

a.a. On On February 19, 1846February 19, 1846, , Anson JonesAnson Jones, the last , the last president of the Republic, turned the president of the Republic, turned the government over to government over to J.J. Pinckney HendersonPinckney Henderson, , the first governor of the state of Texas. the first governor of the state of Texas.

b.b. The The Lone StarLone Star flag was lowered, and the flag was lowered, and the StarsStars and and StripesStripes flag was raised. flag was raised.

c.c. Texas officially became the Texas officially became the 2828thth state in the state in the United States of America. United States of America.

Texas Becomes a StateTexas Becomes a State

ID QuickwriteID Quickwrite

Sam Houston was / was not (choose one) the greatest Texas leader of the 19th century because. . ."