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7/30/2019 Unit 5.1 Paragraph
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The parts of a paragraph
In academic writing
A paragraph is a small unit of writing thatfocuses onone idea. This one idea is
explained and developedin the paragraph.The first line of each paragraph is indented.The indentation signals the beginning of anew paragraph.
A paragraph generally has three parts:a topic sentencesupport
a conclusion.
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SAMPLE
Parents can help their children be successful inschool by encouraging them. Children usually enjoyplaying games instead of studying their boring lessons,so parents have to take the responsibility to monitor
their studying and to remind them to do theirhomework at home after school. Parents should alsoencourage their children to study by buying storybooks with pictures, or they can buy text books ortapes that help children learn to spell or read. The bestway to encourage children to study efficiently is toreward them when they get an "A." As a child, Iexperienced this. My parents gave me a gift if I hadstudied well, and then I was very excited. So. ifparents really want their children to succeed in school.they need to pay attention to their children's studiesand encourage them. *-Truong Dinh
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The Topic Sentence The topic sentence is the main-idea
sentence. It is the most general andmost important sentence of the
paragraph.
It tells the following:the topic - what the paragraph isaboutthe controlling idea- the writer'sattitude or idea about the topic
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The controlling idea
is a word or phrase thatfocuses or controls the
information in the rest of theparagraph. The reader can askquestions about the controllingidea and expect to have
them answered in theparagraph
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Analyze
In the paragraph above, the topic sentence isthe following:
Parents can help their children be successful in
school by encouraging them.The topic of the sentence is how parents canhelp children succeed in school; the controllingidea is encouraging. The reader might ask thefollowing questions and expect the paragraphto answer them:
How can parents encourage their children?
What specific things should parents do toencourage their children?
How will this encouragement lead to success?
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Support
The supportin a paragraphexplains or develops the topic
sentence. The supporting part canbe narratives, details, facts,examples, explanation, or
statistics. All of the support relatesto the main idea stated in thetopic sentence and shows why the
topic sentence is true.
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Here is a brief list of the support
Topic Sentence:Parents can help their children be successful inschool by encouraging them.
Support:1. Parents can encourage children by reminding
them to do their homework.
2. Parents can encourage children by buyingthem books and tapes to help them learn.
3. Parents can encourage children by rewardingthem.
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Conclusion
The conclusion of a paragraphsummarizes or comments on themain idea. In a one-paragraph
composition, the conclusion is one ortwo sentences. Often, the concludingsentences close the paragraph by
returning to the main idea of the
paragraph. They do this by repeatinga key word or phrase from the topicsentence
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Reminder
Sometimes in the concluding sentences, the writer does
not use the exact key words from the topic sentence
but rephrases them, using other words that mean the
same thing. This gives some variety to the paragraph.Notice how the key words in the topic sentence above
could be rephrased:
Concluding Sentence:Parents who want their children to do their best in schoolmust support and pay attention to them.In this concluding sentence, do their bestmeans thesame as succeedand supportmeans the same asencourage.
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The paragraph is a series of
sentences developing onetopic.
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The Topic Sentence
The topic of aparagraph is stated in
one sentence. This iscalled thetopic sentence.
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The rest of the paragraph consists of
sentences that develop or explain the
main idea.
Through the centuriesrats have managed to
survive all our efforts todestroy them. We have
poisonedthem andtrappedthem. We havefumigated, flooded,andburnedthem. Wehave triedgermwarfare. Some rats
even survived atomicbombtests conductedon Entwetok atoll in thePacific after World War II.In spite of all our efforts,these enemies of ours
continue to prove thatthey are the most
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Developing a Paragraph
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Unity in the Paragraph
Every sentence in a paragraph should support the main
idea expressed in the topic sentence.
Th l di
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The concludingor
clinchersentence
Restate the topic sentence in differentwords.
A clincher sentence or concludingsentenceclinches the point made in
the paragraph.
Itsummarizes the paragraph.
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Coherence in a Paragraph
Stick to the point: The ideas have aclear and logical relation to each other.
Put details or examples or incidents inlogical order.
4
3
2
1chronological
in relation to each other
in order of importance
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Connecting SentencesWithin the Paragraph
chronological
order
first
meanwhile
later
afterwards
finally
objects in relation to
one another
next to
in front of
beside
between
behind
in order of
importance
however
furthermore
as a result
in fact
yet
Transition words
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Types of Paragraphs
The narrative paragraph tells a story
The persuasive paragraph. tries to convince the audience
The descriptive paragraph describes something
The expository or explanatoryparagraph
gives information or explains something
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The End
The this presentation was created by Hai Jim,
an English teacher from HEC-VN006, HNU,
who gives us permission to use this material.
Hai Nguyen majored in English at the Universityof Sydney.