Unit 5 Unit 5

Network Designer —Network Designer —Tim Berners-LeeTim Berners-Lee

Quiz: Quiz: how many words do you how many words do you know about the Internet?know about the Internet?

mouse, modem, screen, keyboard, www, http, html, log on/out, search engine, typlog on/out, search engine, type in, click, point-and-click, scroll up/dowe in, click, point-and-click, scroll up/down, browse, In, browse, Internet access, homepage, blog, twitter/weibo, BBS, social networking sites (SNS), facebook, upload/download, hack/hacker, username, password, nickname, lurk, spam, polarization, emoticon

Internet acronymsInternet acronyms AAMOFAAMOF A/S/LA/S/L BRBBRB BTWBTW COSCOS CUCU CUL8RCUL8R G2CUG2CU F2TF2T FYEOFYEO G2RG2R GR8GR8 HFHF MUSMMUSM NPNP NWNW TCTC OMGOMG OTFLOTFL ROFLROFL WBWB WAMWAM

As a matter of factAs a matter of fact Age/sex/locationAge/sex/location Be right backBe right back By the wayBy the way becausebecause See youSee you See you laterSee you later Good to see youGood to see you Face to faceFace to face For your eyes onlyFor your eyes only Got to runGot to run Great Great Have funHave fun Miss you so muchMiss you so much No problemNo problem No wayNo way Take careTake care Oh my GodOh my God On the floor rollingOn the floor rolling Rolling on floor laughing Rolling on floor laughing Welcome backWelcome back Wait a minute Wait a minute

Background introductionBackground introductionWorld Wide Web (WWW):World Wide Web (WWW): computer-based network computer-based network

of information resources that combines text and of information resources that combines text and multimedia. multimedia.

The Web started to become a popular resource after The Web started to become a popular resource after 19931993 when the first widely distributed when the first widely distributed browserbrowser provided a convenient way to access a variety of provided a convenient way to access a variety of information on the Internet. information on the Internet.

The Web uses The Web uses multimediamultimedia, which means that , which means that information can be displayed in a wide variety of information can be displayed in a wide variety of formats. Users can read text, view pictures, watch formats. Users can read text, view pictures, watch animation, listen to sounds, and even explore animation, listen to sounds, and even explore interactive virtual environments on the Web.interactive virtual environments on the Web.

The information on the World Wide Web can be The information on the World Wide Web can be accessed and searched through the accessed and searched through the InternetInternet, a , a global computer network. global computer network.

The World Wide Web is often referred to simple as The World Wide Web is often referred to simple as ‘‘the Webthe Web’’..

Sir Tim Berners-LeeSir Tim Berners-Lee

(Father of the Web(Father of the Web))

Berners-Lee was born in Berners-Lee was born in south west Londonsouth west London, i, in n 19551955, the eldest child of two renowned math, the eldest child of two renowned mathematicians within the computer industry.ematicians within the computer industry.

A graduate of A graduate of OxfordOxford University, England. University, England.

Queen Elizabeth II dubbedQueen Elizabeth II dubbed （ 授予称号）（ 授予称号） Tim BTim Berners-Lee, the computer wizard/genius erners-Lee, the computer wizard/genius a knia knight with a swordght with a sword in recognition of his contrib in recognition of his contributions to the World Wide Web in 2004. As a Britutions to the World Wide Web in 2004. As a British citizen, Berners-Lee will be able to use the ish citizen, Berners-Lee will be able to use the title title ‘Sir Tim’.‘Sir Tim’.

Berners-Lee told the press he was notified of Berners-Lee told the press he was notified of the honor a few days ago the honor a few days ago via the telephonevia the telephone, , and not through the Internet or e-mail.---"and not through the Internet or e-mail.---"I am I am humbled by this great honorhumbled by this great honor," Berners-Lee ," Berners-Lee said. "The Web came about through an said. "The Web came about through an ongoing collaborationongoing collaboration with my fellow with my fellow investors and developers worldwide. Everyone investors and developers worldwide. Everyone in the Internet community should be recognized in the Internet community should be recognized by this honor." by this honor."

The "father of the World Wide Web" received a The "father of the World Wide Web" received a knighthood for services to the Internet, but it is knighthood for services to the Internet, but it is just one of the many honors and awards that just one of the many honors and awards that Berners-Lee has received for his efforts. He has Berners-Lee has received for his efforts. He has also been honored with the also been honored with the Millennium Millennium Technology PrizeTechnology Prize from the Finnish Technology from the Finnish Technology Award Foundation and awarded by Prince Philip Award Foundation and awarded by Prince Philip the the Albert MedalAlbert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts. of the Royal Society of Arts.

The modest, publicity-shy physicist, now based The modest, publicity-shy physicist, now based in the U.S., is at pains to point out that he did not in the U.S., is at pains to point out that he did not invent the Internet itself and insists he is "invent the Internet itself and insists he is "quite quite an ordinary personan ordinary person." But without his creation, ." But without his creation, there would be no www computer addresses and there would be no www computer addresses and the Internet might still be the exclusive domain the Internet might still be the exclusive domain of a handful of computer experts. of a handful of computer experts.

Currently he is also engaged in developing his Currently he is also engaged in developing his second big idea: the Semantic Websecond big idea: the Semantic Web, which , which adds definition tags to information in Web pages adds definition tags to information in Web pages and links them in such a way that computers can and links them in such a way that computers can discover data more efficiently and form new discover data more efficiently and form new associations between pieces of information, in associations between pieces of information, in effect creating a effect creating a globally distributed globally distributed databasedatabase. .

The father of the World Wide Web The father of the World Wide Web shared his concerns and dreams during shared his concerns and dreams during an interview:an interview:

Q: Q: Besides the Semantic Web, do you Besides the Semantic Web, do you have any other dreams or wishes for have any other dreams or wishes for the future of the Web?the future of the Web?

B-L: Oh, lots and lots! I have always B-L: Oh, lots and lots! I have always wanted the Web to be a more wanted the Web to be a more creative, flexible medium. I’m excited creative, flexible medium. I’m excited about the new portable devices we about the new portable devices we can use for the Web, about speech-can use for the Web, about speech-based technology, and a lot of other based technology, and a lot of other things. Once you start with the basic things. Once you start with the basic Web idea, so much stuff becomes Web idea, so much stuff becomes possible.possible.

Text comprehensionText comprehensionRead the text in Read the text in 20 minutes20 minutes and and

Task 1Task 1:: Underline the Underline the key words or sentenceskey words or sentences in each paragraph. At the same time, mark the in each paragraph. At the same time, mark the new words and expressionsnew words and expressions for later treatm for later treatment.ent.

Task 2Task 2:: Find out what is the Find out what is the text typetext type of this arti of this articlecle

Narration: biography (p.88)Narration: biography (p.88)Task 3Task 3:: Divide the text into Divide the text into six partssix parts, and , and sumsum

marize the main ideamarize the main idea of each part. (p.84) of each part. (p.84)

Part 1 (Para 1-2):Part 1 (Para 1-2): You can get any information You can get any information you want as long as you have access to the you want as long as you have access to the Internet. Internet.

Part 2 (Para 3-4Part 2 (Para 3-4):): World Wide Web, which World Wide Web, which began as a little computer program nearly 20 began as a little computer program nearly 20 years ago, was the work of Tim Berners-Lee years ago, was the work of Tim Berners-Lee alone. alone.

Part 3 (Para 5-7Part 3 (Para 5-7):): Berners-LeeBerners-Lee designed a kind designed a kind of “hypertext” notebook which linked various of “hypertext” notebook which linked various kinds of information on his own computer, and kinds of information on his own computer, and then decided to open it up to everyone and then decided to open it up to everyone and make it a global link of all information. make it a global link of all information.

Part 4 (Para 8-9):Part 4 (Para 8-9): Berners-Lee devised HTML, Berners-Lee devised HTML, URL and HTTP, all of which finally gave rise tURL and HTTP, all of which finally gave rise to the debut of World Wide Web in 1991, and o the debut of World Wide Web in 1991, and to its exponential growth ever since. to its exponential growth ever since.

Part 5 (Para 10-11Part 5 (Para 10-11):): Brought up as a quitessenBrought up as a quitessential child of the computer age, Berners-Lee crtial child of the computer age, Berners-Lee created a most significant global system. eated a most significant global system.

Part 6 (Para 12Part 6 (Para 12):): In spite of his Gutenbergian cIn spite of his Gutenbergian creation of the WWW, Berners-Lee chose the reation of the WWW, Berners-Lee chose the non-profit road, both for himself and for his crnon-profit road, both for himself and for his creation. eation.

Vocabulary exercises Vocabulary exercises

Read the text for the third time, and try tRead the text for the third time, and try to guess the rough meanings of new woro guess the rough meanings of new words and expressions in text (p. 84ds and expressions in text (p. 84-85-85). ).

You may rely on You may rely on the the contextcontext of the worof the words, or, if still in a puzzle, turn to an Englisds, or, if still in a puzzle, turn to an English-Englishh-English dictionarydictionary..

Language pointsLanguage points

1. acquaint v.1. acquaint v. acquaint sb. with sb./sth.acquaint sb. with sb./sth.(1) To cause to come to know personally (1) To cause to come to know personally 认识认识e.g. e.g. Let me acquaint you with my family.Let me acquaint you with my family. I am already acquainted with him.I am already acquainted with him.(2) To make familiar (2) To make familiar 使熟悉，了解使熟悉，了解e.g. acquainted myself with the rules and regulations e.g. acquainted myself with the rules and regulations

of the new companyof the new company(3) To inform (3) To inform 通知，告知通知，告知e.g. e.g. Please acquaint us with your plans.Please acquaint us with your plans. My mother acquainted him with my intention.My mother acquainted him with my intention.

acquaintance n.acquaintance n.(1) A person whom one knows (1) A person whom one knows 熟人熟人e.g.e.g. a nodding/bowing acquaintance a nodding/bowing acquaintance 点头之交点头之交 a speaking acquaintance a speaking acquaintance 泛泛之交泛泛之交 He has a large circle of acquaintances.He has a large circle of acquaintances.(2) Knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship less int(2) Knowledge of a person acquired by a relationship less int

imate than friendship imate than friendship 对一个不像朋友那样亲密的人的了解对一个不像朋友那样亲密的人的了解make the acquaintance of sb., make sb.‘s acquaintancemake the acquaintance of sb., make sb.‘s acquaintance

结识某人结识某人drop/cut sb.'s acquaintance, drop/cut an acquaintance drop/cut sb.'s acquaintance, drop/cut an acquaintance

with sb.with sb. 和某人绝交和某人绝交(3) Knowledge or information about something or someone(3) Knowledge or information about something or someone

认识，了解认识，了解have a passing/no/little/some acquaintance with sth.have a passing/no/little/some acquaintance with sth.e.g. e.g. I have no acquaintance with this book.I have no acquaintance with this book. I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know I have some acquaintance with English, but I do not know

it well. it well.

2. launch a search engine: set a search eng2. launch a search engine: set a search engine in motion ine in motion 启动搜索器启动搜索器

NOTE:NOTE: “Launch” can be used to refer to “Launch” can be used to refer to different things, and should be translatedifferent things, and should be translated in different ways. d in different ways.

Translate:Translate: launch a guided missile/a rocketlaunch a guided missile/a rocket launch an fatal attack on the enemylaunch an fatal attack on the enemy launch a new enterprise launch a new enterprise launch an aircraft carrier launch an aircraft carrier launch a new movie named launch a new movie named Alice in WondeAlice in Wonde

rlandrland

3. inquire (AmE)/enquire (BrE) vi. & vt. 3. inquire (AmE)/enquire (BrE) vi. & vt. (1) To seek information by asking a question (1) To seek information by asking a question 打打

听，通过提问题打听信息 听，通过提问题打听信息 inquire sth., inquire about sth., inquire out sth.inquire sth., inquire about sth., inquire out sth.e.g. e.g. We inquired about prices/trains to London. We inquired about prices/trains to London. He inquired the way. He inquired the way. He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy He has inquired out the deployment of the enemy

troops.troops.(2) To make a formal inquiry or investigation (2) To make a formal inquiry or investigation 正正

式询问或调查式询问或调查e.g. ICAC inquired into the corruption of TVB officiale.g. ICAC inquired into the corruption of TVB official

s.s.(3) To ask about the health or condition of sb. (3) To ask about the health or condition of sb. 问问

候，询问健康或状况 候，询问健康或状况 inquire afterinquire aftere.g. The lady inquired after your health.e.g. The lady inquired after your health.

enquiry/inquiry n.enquiry/inquiry n.(1) [U] asking; inquiring (1) [U] asking; inquiring 询问，探问 询问，探问 learn sth. by inquirylearn sth. by inquiry e.g. e.g. He learned the news by ~.He learned the news by ~. We got the information by ~.We got the information by ~. a court of inquiry a court of inquiry 调查庭调查庭(2) [C] (2) [C] make an inquiry/inquiries aboutmake an inquiry/inquiries about 询问，质询询问，质询e.g. e.g. The School Personnel made an ~ about the applicant’s The School Personnel made an ~ about the applicant’s

previous jobs.previous jobs. I have to make inquiries about his name and address.I have to make inquiries about his name and address. You can make your ~ about the matter.You can make your ~ about the matter.(3) [C] investigation (3) [C] investigation 调查调查 an inquiry intoan inquiry intoe.g. e.g. There will be an ~ into the murder case.There will be an ~ into the murder case. They hold an official ~ into the incident.They hold an official ~ into the incident. The report called for a public ~ into it.The report called for a public ~ into it.

4. hit vi. & vt.4. hit vi. & vt. (1) (1) hit (out) athit (out) at 朝…打去；攻击朝…打去；攻击e.g.e.g. He ~ at me, but missed.He ~ at me, but missed. Many people ~ out at hippie culture.Many people ~ out at hippie culture. The back-bencher’s speech ~ at government spenThe back-bencher’s speech ~ at government spen

ding.ding.(2) (2) hit back (at sb.)hit back (at sb.) （向…）回击（向…）回击e.g.e.g. She was entitled to ~ back at the rumour spreader.She was entitled to ~ back at the rumour spreader. The Prime Minister ~ back at those who sought to uThe Prime Minister ~ back at those who sought to u

ndermine the government’s tax code.ndermine the government’s tax code.(3) (3) hit on/uponhit on/upon 想到，发现，碰上想到，发现，碰上e.g. e.g. John ~ on the idea of doing it.John ~ on the idea of doing it. I hope someone ~ upon a way out of the difficulty.I hope someone ~ upon a way out of the difficulty.

(4) (4) hit it offhit it off (be on good terms with) (be on good terms with) 相处得好，合相处得好，合得来得来

e.g. e.g. The newly-married couple ~ it off.The newly-married couple ~ it off. Tom and Terry hit off with each other.Tom and Terry hit off with each other.(5) (5) hit sb./sth. offhit sb./sth. off (imitate very well) (imitate very well) 模仿很像 模仿很像 e.g. The boy pretended to be the teacher and he ~ hee.g. The boy pretended to be the teacher and he ~ he

r off to perfection.r off to perfection.(6) (6) hit below the belthit below the belt 做事不公道做事不公道e.g. The teacher ~ below the belt for he blamed the se.g. The teacher ~ below the belt for he blamed the s

tudents without evidence.tudents without evidence.(7) (7) hit a/the nail on the headhit a/the nail on the head 击中要害，一语中的击中要害，一语中的e.g. The mayor’s talk on race relations ~ the nail on e.g. The mayor’s talk on race relations ~ the nail on

the head.the head.

5. access n. [U] 5. access n. [U] (1) way (in) to a place (1) way (in) to a place 通入之路；通路 通入之路；通路 access toaccess toe.g. e.g. ~ to the town was across a narrow bridge.~ to the town was across a narrow bridge. Switzerland has ~ to the sea via the River Rhine.Switzerland has ~ to the sea via the River Rhine. There is no ~ to that house.There is no ~ to that house.(2) right, opportunity, or means of reaching or using, approac(2) right, opportunity, or means of reaching or using, approac

hing hing 接触、使用或接近的权利、机会，或方法 接触、使用或接近的权利、机会，或方法 have/get/gain/obtain access tohave/get/gain/obtain access toe.g. e.g. Students must have easy ~ to good books/computer facilities.Students must have easy ~ to good books/computer facilities. Only high officials had ~ to the Emperor.Only high officials had ~ to the Emperor.be of easy accessbe of easy access 平易近人平易近人e.g. Prof. Lee, though well-established, is of easy access. e.g. Prof. Lee, though well-established, is of easy access. (3) attack (of fever etc); sudden attack, outburst (of anger, rag(3) attack (of fever etc); sudden attack, outburst (of anger, rag

e, despair etc) e, despair etc) 疾病（高烧）袭击；（愤怒等）突然发作疾病（高烧）袭击；（愤怒等）突然发作an access of an access of e.g. e.g. She is suffering from an ~ of asthma (She is suffering from an ~ of asthma ( 哮喘哮喘 ) .) . He felt a fresh ~ of annoyance.He felt a fresh ~ of annoyance.

accessible adj. accessible adj. (1) able to be reached or entered (1) able to be reached or entered 可达到的，可进入的可达到的，可进入的e.g. e.g. Facts are ~ to all.Facts are ~ to all. The headmaster is always ~ to students.The headmaster is always ~ to students. A doctor must have a phone ~ to patients.A doctor must have a phone ~ to patients. Medicine should not be kept ~ to childrenMedicine should not be kept ~ to children(2) understandable (2) understandable 可理解的可理解的e.g. Though he sometimes seems obsessed with numbers, e.g. Though he sometimes seems obsessed with numbers,

his speeches are otherwise ~. his speeches are otherwise ~. 尽管有时他特别喜欢引用数尽管有时他特别喜欢引用数字，他的演说还是易懂的。字，他的演说还是易懂的。

(3) easily influenced (3) easily influenced 易受影响的易受影响的be accessible tobe accessible to He is ~ to flattery. He is ~ to flattery. 爱听奉承话爱听奉承话 He is not ~ to pity. He is not ~ to pity. 他没有同情心他没有同情心

6. unencumber 6. unencumber 不受…所累不受…所累encumber v.encumber v.(1) To get in the way of, hamper, be a burden to (1) To get in the way of, hamper, be a burden to 阻碍，妨害，牵累阻碍，妨害，牵累encumber oneself withencumber oneself with 使自己受…所累使自己受…所累e.g. e.g. He ~ed himself with unnecessary luggage on the journey.He ~ed himself with unnecessary luggage on the journey. Many people ~ themselves with their marriages.Many people ~ themselves with their marriages.encumber sb. withencumber sb. withe.g. Don’t ~ your children with so much housework.e.g. Don’t ~ your children with so much housework.(sb.) be encumbered with(sb.) be encumbered withe.g. e.g. He is ~ed with a large family.He is ~ed with a large family. His estate is ~ed with a mortgage. (His estate is ~ed with a mortgage. ( 他的房产被抵押他的房产被抵押 ))(2) To crowd, fill up (2) To crowd, fill up 堆满堆满be encumbered withbe encumbered withe.g. e.g. His room is ~ed with old and useless furniture.His room is ~ed with old and useless furniture. What is your drawer ~ed with?What is your drawer ~ed with? My wallet is ~ed with big notes.My wallet is ~ed with big notes.encumbrance n. [C]encumbrance n. [C] thing that encumbers, burden thing that encumbers, burden 阻碍物阻碍物 , , 累贅累贅 , , 负负

担担e.g. An idle grown-up daughter may be an encumbrance to her parents.e.g. An idle grown-up daughter may be an encumbrance to her parents.

7. tariff n.7. tariff n.(1) list of fixed charges, esp. for meals, rooms, etc. at a h(1) list of fixed charges, esp. for meals, rooms, etc. at a h

otel; price-list otel; price-list 价格表，价目表价格表，价目表e.g. e.g. a refreshment-room ~a refreshment-room ~ When you go to a restaurant, you’ll first look at the ~.When you go to a restaurant, you’ll first look at the ~.(2) list of taxes on goods imported or exported (2) list of taxes on goods imported or exported 进口或出进口或出

口税（关税）口税（关税）impose ~ on sth.impose ~ on sth.e.g. e.g. There is a very high ~ imposed on jewelry/luxury goods.There is a very high ~ imposed on jewelry/luxury goods. It is a common practice to raise ~ walls against foreign goIt is a common practice to raise ~ walls against foreign go

ods so as to protect domestic industries. ods so as to protect domestic industries. 建立关税壁垒以建立关税壁垒以抵制外来商品抵制外来商品

~ reform ~ reform 关税改革关税改革tariff-walled adj. tariff-walled adj. tariff-free adj. tariff-free adj.

8. entry n.8. entry n. (1) coming or going in (1) coming or going in （进入） （进入） the entry of … intothe entry of … intoe.g. The ~ of China into the WTO is a great event.e.g. The ~ of China into the WTO is a great event.make an entry intomake an entry into e.g. The army made a triumphal ~ into the town.e.g. The army made a triumphal ~ into the town.(2) place of entrance (2) place of entrance 入口入口the entry tothe entry toe.g. the ~ (cf. exit) to the cinemae.g. the ~ (cf. exit) to the cinema(3) item in a list: dictionary entries (3) item in a list: dictionary entries 字典中列出之字字典中列出之字(4) (4) 比赛名单，人数等比赛名单，人数等e.g. There is a large ~ for the 100 metres race.e.g. There is a large ~ for the 100 metres race.

9. credit n.9. credit n. (1) (1) [U] honour, approval that comes to a person b[U] honour, approval that comes to a person b

ecause of what he is or doesecause of what he is or does 功绩，光荣，荣誉功绩，光荣，荣誉do sb. credit/do credit to sb.do sb. credit/do credit to sb. 让……增光让……增光e.g. e.g. The work does you ~. The work does you ~. His smart appearance does ~ to his tailors.His smart appearance does ~ to his tailors. 他的他的

英俊使他的裁缝们技艺生色英俊使他的裁缝们技艺生色to sb.’s creditto sb.’s credit …… …… 的莫大光荣的莫大光荣e.g. It’s greatly to your ~ that you have passed se.g. It’s greatly to your ~ that you have passed s

uch a difficult exam.uch a difficult exam.get/take credit for sth.get/take credit for sth. 以…作为自己的光荣以…作为自己的光荣e.g. It is dishonest to get ~ for work that is done be.g. It is dishonest to get ~ for work that is done b

y others.y others.

(2) [U] belief of others that a person, business com(2) [U] belief of others that a person, business company etc. can pay debts, etc. or will keep a prompany etc. can pay debts, etc. or will keep a promise to pay ise to pay 信用，信誉，赊账信用，信誉，赊账

buy/sell sth. on ~ buy/sell sth. on ~ e.g. e.g. He bought a car on ~.He bought a car on ~. No ~ is given at this shop. (Payment must be in casNo ~ is given at this shop. (Payment must be in cas

h.)h.) His ~ is good for only £50. His ~ is good for only £50. 他的信用只限他的信用只限 5050 磅。 磅。 ~ sales ~ sales 赊卖赊卖 ~ account ~ account 赊账赊账 // 欠帐欠帐 letter of ~/LC letter of ~/LC 信用证信用证 : letter from one bank to anot: letter from one bank to anot

her giving authority for a stated paymenther giving authority for a stated payment

(3) [U] belief; trust; confidence (3) [U] belief; trust; confidence 相信，信托，信任相信，信托，信任e.g. e.g. They deserve some degree of ~.They deserve some degree of ~. Do you give ~ to his story of what happened?Do you give ~ to his story of what happened? It is unwise to place/put too much ~ in hearsay.It is unwise to place/put too much ~ in hearsay. The rumour is gaining ~.The rumour is gaining ~.lend credit tolend credit to 证实…是可靠的证实…是可靠的e.g. The latest news lends ~ to the earlier reports. e.g. The latest news lends ~ to the earlier reports.

(4) good name, reputation (4) good name, reputation 名誉，名声，名望名誉，名声，名望be of high creditbe of high credit 名声很好名声很好 He is a man of the highest ~.He is a man of the highest ~.be in high credit with sb.be in high credit with sb. 在…中享有高的威望在…中享有高的威望e.g. Professor Liu is in high ~ with his students.e.g. Professor Liu is in high ~ with his students.

(5) person, thing, act, circumstance etc. which (5) person, thing, act, circumstance etc. which adds to the good name of someone responsiadds to the good name of someone responsible for him or itble for him or it

be a credit tobe a credit to 为…增光的人、事物，行为，环境等为…增光的人、事物，行为，环境等e.g.e.g. The pupils are a ~ to their teachers.The pupils are a ~ to their teachers. I hope you will be a ~ to your school.I hope you will be a ~ to your school.credit title (cinema films, TV) names of persons credit title (cinema films, TV) names of persons

responsible for directing, producing etc. responsible for directing, producing etc. 影影片，电视剧前后所映导演，制片人等的姓名表片，电视剧前后所映导演，制片人等的姓名表

10. protocol n.10. protocol n.(1) [C] first or original draft of an agreement (es(1) [C] first or original draft of an agreement (es

p. between states) signed by those making itp. between states) signed by those making it（条约）草案，议定书（条约）草案，议定书

e.g.e.g. Kyoto ~ Kyoto ~ The two rivalry nations finally agreed to act accoThe two rivalry nations finally agreed to act acco

rding to the ~.rding to the ~.(2) code of behaviour; etiquette as practised as (2) code of behaviour; etiquette as practised as

on diplomatic occasions on diplomatic occasions 礼规，外交礼仪礼规，外交礼仪e.g. e.g. academic ~academic ~ The seating arrangement for the dinner party is The seating arrangement for the dinner party is

according to ~.according to ~.

11. proprietary 11. proprietary (1) adj. owned or controlled by sb., private (1) adj. owned or controlled by sb., private 所有的，所有的，专利的，私人所有的专利的，私人所有的

e.g.e.g. ~ right ~ right 所有权所有权 ~ medicines/drugs ~ medicines/drugs 专卖药品专卖药品 a ~ name a ~ name 专利商标名专利商标名 a ~ hospital/school a ~ hospital/school a ~ air a ~ air 业主所特有的架子业主所特有的架子(2) n. owner. (2) n. owner. 业主，所有权业主，所有权e.g. the land ~ e.g. the land ~ 土地拥有者土地拥有者proprietor/proprietress n.proprietor/proprietress n. owner owner 业主，业主，所有人所有人e.g. the ~ of the hotele.g. the ~ of the hotel

12. debut 12. debut (1) vi. make one’s first appearance (1) vi. make one’s first appearance 初次登台 初次登台 (esp. wom(esp. wom

an actor)an actor) The girl ~ed last month.The girl ~ed last month. The national edition of the newspaper ~ed last summeThe national edition of the newspaper ~ed last summe

r.r. Her new series will ~ next March on network television.Her new series will ~ next March on network television.(2) vt.(2) vt.e.g. The network will debut her new series next March.e.g. The network will debut her new series next March. (3) n. (esp. of a young woman) first appearance(3) n. (esp. of a young woman) first appearancee.g. e.g. the debut of a new foreign policythe debut of a new foreign policy Their debut album was recorded in 2000.Their debut album was recorded in 2000.to make one’s debutto make one’s debute.g. She made her ~ in Broadway last month.e.g. She made her ~ in Broadway last month.

13. chaos n. [U]13. chaos n. [U] complete absence of or complete absence of order or shape; confusion der or shape; confusion 混乱，不整齐，混乱，不整齐，一团糟一团糟

e.g. e.g. There was complete/utter/absolute ~ whThere was complete/utter/absolute ~ wh

en the pilots came out on strike.en the pilots came out on strike. The classroom is in a state of ~.The classroom is in a state of ~. The desk was a ~ of papers and unopeneThe desk was a ~ of papers and unopene

d letters.d letters.chaotic adj.chaotic adj. in a state of chaos in a state of chaose.g. Traffic conditions tonight are ~.e.g. Traffic conditions tonight are ~.

14. compromise 14. compromise (1) n. [C,U] an agreement between two people th(1) n. [C,U] an agreement between two people th

at is achieved by both people accepting less that is achieved by both people accepting less than they wanted at first an they wanted at first 妥协妥协

e.g. e.g. Compromise is an inevitable part of marriage.Compromise is an inevitable part of marriage. Can we Can we effect/reach a compromiseeffect/reach a compromise ? ? Everybody has to be prepared to Everybody has to be prepared to make compromake compro

misesmises. . (2) n. [C] an idea or thing that is the result of an a(2) n. [C] an idea or thing that is the result of an a

greement between two people or groups who greement between two people or groups who want different things want different things 妥协的结果妥协的结果

a compromise betweena compromise between e.g. The treaty represents a political compromise be.g. The treaty represents a political compromise b

etween the two nations.etween the two nations.

(3) vi. & vt. To settle a dispute by making a compro(3) vi. & vt. To settle a dispute by making a compromise mise 以折衷办法解决争端以折衷办法解决争端

e.g. e.g. If they agree to compromise, the matter will be settlIf they agree to compromise, the matter will be settl

ed.ed. We managed to We managed to compromise oncompromise on a price for the car. a price for the car. Can’t you Can’t you compromise withcompromise with each other? each other?(4) vt. To bring (sb./sth./oneself) under suspicion b(4) vt. To bring (sb./sth./oneself) under suspicion b

y unwise behaviour y unwise behaviour 由于不智的行为使…受牵连；连由于不智的行为使…受牵连；连累，损害累，损害

compromise sb./sth./oneselfcompromise sb./sth./oneselfe.g. e.g. You’ll compromise your reputation if you spend mYou’ll compromise your reputation if you spend m

uch time with these rogues (uch time with these rogues ( 流氓流氓 ). ). The position of the army was compromised by the gThe position of the army was compromised by the g

eneral’s poor judgment.eneral’s poor judgment.

15. juncture n. 15. juncture n. (1) place where things join (1) place where things join 接合处，接合接合处，接合点 交界处点 交界处 , also: junction, also: junction

e.g. at the ~ of four fields e.g. at the ~ of four fields 在四块田地的交在四块田地的交界处界处

(2) particular point in time (2) particular point in time 时机，关头时机，关头e.g. e.g. at this/that ~ at this/that ~ at an important historical ~at an important historical ~ an important juncture in a man's careeran important juncture in a man's career

16. cash in on16. cash in on: : take advantage of or make a take advantage of or make a profit from a situation (usually in a way thaprofit from a situation (usually in a way that is unfair) t is unfair) 利用利用 ,,捞一把捞一把

e.g. e.g. Let’s cash in on the fine weather and go out Let’s cash in on the fine weather and go out

for the day. for the day. 趁天气好出去玩趁天气好出去玩 .. He’s just cashing in on the fact that his fatheHe’s just cashing in on the fact that his fathe

r is a senior government official.r is a senior government official. Some unscrupulous (Some unscrupulous ( 不择手段的不择手段的 ) businessm) businessm

en cashed in on the market demand for disinfen cashed in on the market demand for disinfecting liquid soap by putting up prices during ecting liquid soap by putting up prices during the outbreak of SARS.the outbreak of SARS.

Key phrasesKey phrases Correspond withCorrespond with At home or abroadAt home or abroad In a matter of In a matter of

secondsseconds Give an account of Give an account of Figure out Figure out Make a guessMake a guess Log on/inLog on/in Log out/offLog out/off Type inType in Specialize in Specialize in Nuts and boltsNuts and bolts So what?So what? Access toAccess to Scroll up/downScroll up/down

Get credit for Get credit for Noodle aroundNoodle around Improve on/uponImprove on/upon Keep track ofKeep track of Build A on BBuild A on B Build A out of B Build A out of B Cobble sth. togetherCobble sth. together At exponential rateAt exponential rate Compromise between Compromise between At every juncture At every juncture By/in contrastBy/in contrast Head offHead off Hold back sb./sth.Hold back sb./sth. Cash in on sth. Cash in on sth. In the backgroundIn the background

Exercise 1: blank fillingExercise 1: blank filling1. You need a password to log ____to the Internet.2. If you type ___the word ‘enquire’, you will get

thousands of hits.3. Does your computer have an access ___the Inter

net?4. Thomas Edison got credit ___the light bulb with

the help of others working ___it. 5. Scientists are trying to improve ___that machine.6. ‘Enquire’ is short ___’Enquire Within Upon E

verything’.7. Berners-Lee cobbled _______HTML for the WWW.

8. After 1991, the Internet and the WWW grew ____ exponential rates.

9. Berners-Lee built his own working electronic computer ___ of spare parts and a TV set.

10. Berners-Lee regards physics as a compromise _______ maths and electronics.

11. Berners-Lee, ____contrast, chose a different road from his co-workers.

12. She wanted to cry, but she held ____her tears.13. Paparazzi is always trying to cash ____ ____ s

ome trivial news of famous people.

Exercise 2: RewExercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the other way with the words given in the brackets1. She was praised for her remarkable

discovery. (credit)2. His family was accused of taking

advantage of his death. (cash in on)3. When I was in distress, my mother gave

me most support. (more than anybody else)

4. He chose an ugly toy as my present among so many things! (of all things)

Translation exercisesTranslation exercises1. 我们每一个人都有途径上网 (access) ，而且可以不受时空的限

制。 (encumber)2. 可以这么说，英语是通行全球的语言，对于使用电脑的人们来说

更是如此。 (lingua and franca)3. 李先生是一位很坚定的人，当他认为自己的意见是对的时候，他

是不会对别人的意见妥协的。 (make compromise with)4. 我的朋友在一个跨国公司工作而且已经成为公司的骨干。 (mult

i-national corporation)5. 我们随时都可以找到我们的校长。 (accessible)6. 公司的总经理出国了， Smith暂时代理总经理工作。 (act for)7. 这种药开始对他的病起作用了。 (act on/upon)8. 我突然想到要尽快起草一个计划做实验。 (hit on/upon)9. 当你见到我们中学的语文老师时请代我问候他。 (enquire after)10. 她在演讲比赛中讲得很精彩，一举成功。 (make a hit)

Suggested key to Suggested key to translation exercisestranslation exercises

1. Everyone of us can have access to the Internet, unencumbered by time or space.

2. We may well say that English is the lingua franca of the world; it is even more so with people who use computers.

3. Mr. Li is such a firm person that he never makes compromise with others when he thinks himself is right.

4. My friend works for a multi-national corporation and has become the backbone there.

5. Our headmaster is always accessible to us.6. At the moment, Smith acts for the General Manager who has

gone abroad.7. The medicine begins to act upon his disease.8. In a flash, I hit upon drafting a plan for the experiment as soon as

possible.9. Please enquire after our middle school Chinese teacher when you

meet him.10. She made a hit in the speech contest with her excellent

performance.