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Elements of DesignUnit 5
Design Characteristics
Function: how a design works. (usefulness, convenience, and organization) Successful functional design eliminates barriers.
Construction: materials and structures. Materials: fabrics, woods, metals, plastics, or stones. Structure: how the materials are assembled
Aesthetics: Beauty, pleasing appearance or effect.
Elements of Design
Line Form Space Mass Texture Color
Line
Forms when two dots are connected Connect the edges or outlines of
objects and areas Show direction and cause the eyes to
move from one point to another
Types of Lines
Horizontal: Parallel to the ground. Communicates peace, relaxation, calmness, and
restfulness Vertical: perpendicular to the ground
Height, strength, dignity, formality, and stability Diagonal: angle between horizontal and
vertical lines Communicates levels of activity, action,
excitement, and sometimes agitation Curved: part of a circle
Communicates organization, eternity, and uniformity
Horizontal Lines
Vertical Lines
Diagonal Line
Curved Line
Form
The physical shape of objects. Outlines the edges of 3D objects and
contains volume and mass.
Types of Form
Realistic: Form looks like the real thing. Communicates: life like, traditional, and familiar feeling
Abstract: rearranges or stylizes a recognizable object. Communicates a contemporary, changing, creative,
and artistic feel. Geometric: uses squares, rectangles, circles, and
other geometric figures to create form. Communicates: organization, order, plannings, and a
tailored look. Free: random and flowing. Found in nature.
Communicates: sense of freedom
Realistic Form
Abstract Form
Geometric Form
Free Form
Using form in housing and interior design:
3 guidelines to follow Form follows function▪ Consider the function of an object then choose
the form. (Chair in a dining room) Related forms are more agreeable than
unrelated forms▪ You eyes feel comfortable looking at similar forms
A gradual change in form smoothly directs the eyes▪ Too much or abrupt change in form may be
unpleasant and confusing
Space
The area around a form (around a table)
The area inside a form (inside a room)
Consider the size of the space and its arrangement when discussing space.
Size of the Space
Height, length, and width describe the size fo interior space.
The affects who will use it Large spaces can communicate
feelings of openness, grandeur, or freedom. It can also make you feel small, lost, or overwhelmed
Small spaces can make you feel cozy, intimate, or comfortable. It can also make you feel very crowded.
Large Space
Small Space
Arrangement Of Space
Arrangement can make a small place look large and a large space look small.
To expand an area add mirrors, remove walls, expand window areas.
To create the feeling of coziness, divide the space into separate areas. (rugs, clustering furniture, adding a kitchen island)
Mass
Amount of pattern or objects in a space.
A space can have high mass or low mass. High mass: a space that is visually
crowded (reflects a full, congested look) Low Mass: a space that is simple and
sparse. Uses only the most essential furnishings. (reflects clean, airy feelings)
Low Mass
High Mass
Texture
The way a surface feels or appears to feel Two kinds of texture
Tactile : the way a surface feels to the touch Visual: texture that you see, but cannot feel.
Causal Feeling created by using rough textures
Elegant feeling created by smooth textures Heavy or rough textures absorb more light
so the room looks smaller Smooth textures reflects light creating the
illusion of a larger space.
Tactile Texture
Visual Texture