UNIT 6CHAPTER 22 – CRASH AND DEPRESSIONCHAPTER 23 – THE NEW DEAL

America: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: The Stock Market Crash

Section 2: Social Effects of the Depression

Section 3: Surviving the Great Depression

Section 4: The Election of 1932

Chapter 22: Crash and Depression (1929–1933)

PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES

George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and

effects of the Great Depression

Objective 6.3: How did Americans pull together to survive the Great Depression?

Objective 6.4: Analyze the differences between President Hoover’s response to the Great Depression and Franklin Roosevelt’s promise for change.

THEME: When the economy of the high-flying 1920s crashed in 1929, the bleak years of the Great Depression began. Out of the destitution grew a debate over government size and strength that changed forever how Americans look at government.

CHAPTER 22 SECTION 3 SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION

Americans survived the Great Depression with determination and even humor. They helped one another, looked for solutions, and waited for the hard times to pass.

AMERICANS PULL TOGETHER Throughout the country, people pulled

together to help one another. Neighbors in difficult circumstances helped those they saw as worse off

than themselves.

When banks foreclosed a farm, neighbor farmers would bid pennies on land, and then return to the owners. These are penny auctions.

Some Americans called for radical change; SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM They believed that a fairer distribution of wealth would help to end the

hard times. Jokes and humor helped many people to fight everyday despair.

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SIGNS OF CHANGE Prohibition Is Repealed

In February 1933, Congress passed the Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed the eighteenth amendment prohibiting the sale of alcohol.

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The Empire State Building Was a symbol of hope for a brighter

future 2,500 to 4,000 people worked on the

construction. The cost of construction was about $41 million. At that time, it was the world’s

tallest building had 102 stories and 67 elevators.

The End of an Era: Things that symbolized the 1920s faded away.

Organized crime gangster Al Capone was sent to prison. Calvin Coolidge died. Babe Ruth retired.

SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION—ASSESSMENT

What was a penny auction?(A) An event at which stocks once highly valued were auctioned

off for a penny.(B) An event at which laborers eager for work auctioned off

their labor for pennies.(C) An event at which neighbors, in an effort to help each other,

auctioned their spare rooms for a penny.(D) An event at which neighboring farmers bid pennies on land

and machines, which the buyers then returned to the original owners.

Which of the following did NOT symbolize an end to the prosperity of the 1920s?

(A) Al Capone went to jail.(B) Babe Ruth retired. (C) Riots and political upheaval erupted in the nation’s cities.(D) Calvin Coolidge died.

SURVIVING THE GREAT DEPRESSION—ASSESSMENT

What was a penny auction?(A) An event at which stocks once highly valued were auctioned

off for a penny.(B) An event at which laborers eager for work auctioned off their

labor for pennies.(C) An event at which neighbors, in an effort to help each other,

auctioned their spare rooms for a penny.(D)An event at which neighboring farmers bid pennies on

land and machines, which the buyers then returned to the original owners.

Which of the following did NOT symbolize an end to the prosperity of the 1920s?

(A) Al Capone went to jail.(B) Babe Ruth retired. (C)Riots and political upheaval erupted in the nation’s

cities.(D) Calvin Coolidge died.

CHAPTER 22 SECTION 4 –

THE ELECTION OF 1932

As the Depression worsened, people blamed Hoover and the Republicans for their misery. The 1932 Presidential election brought a sweeping victory for democrat Franklin d. Roosevelt and profound changes in the role of government.

HOOVER’S LIMITED STRATEGY He believed in volunteerism: businesses support

Americans with higher wages To help industries, Congress passed the Hawley-Smoot

tariff, the highest import tax in history. European countries also raised their tariffs, and international

trade suffered a slowdown.

Hoover set up the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC), which gave government credit to banks, industries, and insurance companies. The theory was that helping business would increase jobs Many Americans saw it as helping bankers and big

businessmen, while ordinary people went hungry. Hoover did not support federal public assistance because he

believed it would destroy people’s self-respect and create a large bureaucracy.

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THE BONUS ARMY Public opinion soured for Hoover when he

called the U.S. Army to disband a protest of 20,000 unemployed World War I veterans called the Bonus Army. Between June and July 1932, thousands of WWI veterans

converged on Washington, D.C. to demand payment of a bonus promised in 1924 and redeemable in 1945.

The ‘Bonus Army’ encamped at ‘Anacostia Flats’ outside D.C. hoping to pressure Congress into releasing the money early. The House voted to pay the promised bonus of $2.4 billion

– the Republican-controlled Senate rejected it

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UNPOPULAR ACTIONS Hoover and many Republicans viewed the ‘Bonus Army’ as bums

and communists with the potential to riot in the Capitol and spark nationwide uprisings. Fearing that possibility, Hoover ordered Gen. Douglas MacArthur to

evacuate the ‘Bonus Marchers’ from the city without invading their camp

On July 28th, MacArthur led a force consisting of 500 armed soldiers, supported by five tanks, through the encampment during which the camp was burned, several veterans were injured, and one ‘Bonus Baby’ allegedly died from the effects of tear gas

FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT FDR promised a New Deal for the American people.

He was ready to experiment with government roles in an effort to end the Depression.

As governor of New York, Roosevelt had set up an unemployment commission and a relief agency.

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FDR’s wife, Eleanor, was an experienced social reformer. She worked for public housing

legislation, unemployment relief, and better conditions for working women.

When the Roosevelt’s campaigned for the presidency, they brought their ideas for political action with them.

THE ELECTION OF 1932Herbert Hoover Believed that

federal government should not try to fix people’s problems.

Argued that federal aid and government policies to help the poor would alter the foundation of our national life.

He argued for voluntary aid to help the poor and argued against giving the national government more power.

Hoover gave very few campaign speeches and was jeered by crowds.

Franklin Roosevelt Believed that

government had a responsibility to help people in need.

Called for a reappraisal of values and more controls on big business.

Helped many Americans reassess the importance of “making it on their own” without any help.

Much of his support came from urban workers, coal miners, and immigrants in need of federal relief.

Roosevelt won 57 percent of the popular vote and almost 89 percent of the electoral vote.

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THE ELECTION OF 1932 — ASSESSMENTWhat was one way President Hoover wanted

to battle the Depression?(A)Federal relief programs(B)U.S. expansion into foreign markets(C)Stock market investment(D) Voluntary aid

Roosevelt won public support from which groups? (A)Urban workers, coal miners, and the unemployed(B)Big business executives and investment bankers(C)Supporters of international trade(D) Journalists and newspaper publishers

THE ELECTION OF 1932 — ASSESSMENTWhat was one way President Hoover wanted

to battle the Depression?(A)Federal relief programs(B)U.S. expansion into foreign markets(C)Stock market investment(D) Voluntary aid

Roosevelt won public support from which groups? (A) Urban workers, coal miners, and the

unemployed(B)Big business executives and investment bankers(C)Supporters of international trade(D) Journalists and newspaper publishers

HERBERT HOOVER http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGft

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