UNIT 4-WORLD RELIGIONS

BELL WORK Why were religions created?

What basic characteristics do most religions have in common?

WORLD RELIGIONS Main Five Religions1. Judaism 2. Hinduism3. Buddhism4. Islam5. Christianity

RELIGION CHARTReligionGodLocation of OriginFoundersKey TextSymbolsPlace of worshipDressKey BeliefsHolidaysSacred Sites

JUDAISM Began by the Hebrews (Jews or

Israelites) Believed in one God, Yehwah and

teachings are written in Torah Main duty is to worship God and live

justly and ethically Preach of a coming Messiah Not overly concerned with the afterlife Kingdom was Israel and capital was

Jerusalem Pray in Synagogues

JUDAISM Believe Abraham moved from Ur to

Canaan (Palestine) where God promised him the land

When drought hit, Hebrews went to Egypt and became slaves

Moses let them back(Exodus) to Canaan and presented the 10 commandments

Received from God on Mt. Sinai Finally settle in the ‘Promised land’

JUDAISM Main Holidays- Yom Kippur-day to atone Rosh Hashanah-New Year Passover-Escape from Egypt Dress- Tallit- Yarmulke The Western Wall is one of the holiest

site

JUDAISM ASSIGNMENT Worksheet Questions 1,2

RELIGION CHART-FILL OUT THE FOLLOWING CHART ON JUDAISMReligionGodLocation of OriginFoundersKey TextSymbolsPlace of worshipDressKey BeliefsHolidaysSacred Sites

CHRISTIANITY

CHRISTIANITY Follows the teaching of Jesus According to Gospels, Jesus was born the son of God

and descendant of King David of Israel Jesus traveled preaching (mostly Jewish principles) Roman Governor Pontius Pilate crucified Jesus Key Text: Bible-New Testament

4 Gospels –Matthew, Mark, Luke, John Early years the church was very diverse

Different books, points of view Council of Nicea 325 AD Sacred Sites- Church of the Holy Sepulcher

CHRISTIANITY SPREADS At first Roman

Christians were persecuted

Emperor Constantine ended the persecution and later Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire

ISLAM

ISLAM(SUBMISSION TO THE WILL OF GOD) The third Abrahamic religion (Judaism, Christianity) Began on the Arabian Peninsula(present-day Saudi-

Arabia) Founder, Muhammad, was born in Mecca At 40, he was called to be messenger of God (year

610) Began preaching his message-Muslims are his

followers He was threatened so he left Mecca for Medina

where he amassed followers Later he retakes Mecca

ISLAMIC BELIEFS One God, called Allah Muhammad was the last prophet Study Quran(holy book) Visit the Kaaba Five Pillars of Islam Jihad (Defend the faith) Worship in Mosques No official clergy

Crescent Moon

BurqaHijab-to cover

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM 1. Declaration of

Faith 2. Pray 5 times a

day toward Mecca 3. Give charity to

poor (alms) 4. Fast during holy

month of Ramadan 5. Make pilgrimage

(hajj) to Mecca

ISLAM SPREADS AND SPLITS After the death of Muhammad, Islam

Split: Shia: Sons of Muhammad take over Sunni: Muhammad said pick a successorGained control of Palestine (“The Holy

Land”) and built Dome of Rock in Jerusalem

HINDUISM CHART

HINDUISM Due to the wide diversity in the beliefs, practices and traditions

encompassed by Hinduism, there is no universally accepted definition on who a Hindu is, or even agreement on whether the term Hinduism represents a religious, cultural or socio-political entity. In 1995, Chief Justice P. B. Gajendragadkar was quoted in an Indian Supreme Court ruling:[16]

When we think of the Hindu religion, unlike other religions in the world, the Hindu religion does not claim any one prophet; it does not worship any one god; it does not subscribe to any one dogma; it does not believe in any one philosophic concept; it does not follow any one set of religious rites or performances; in fact, it does not appear to satisfy the narrow traditional features of any religion or creed. It may broadly be described as a way of life and nothing more.

HINDUISM Began in the Indus River Valley (India) Often referred to as the world oldest

religion No single founder and No single sacred

text, Most come from the Vedas and

Upanishads-ancient Indo –Aryan texts Divine essence(Brahman) fills

everything in the world People have an individual essence

called Atman Brahman and Atman are one and the

same Monism- belief that all things in the

universe are of the essence of God

Om or Aum: Symbol often associatedwith Hinduism, symbolic of states of consciousness

BELIEFS Believe in reincarnation: rebirth of souls Soul is trapped is a process called Samsara Goal to achieve Nirvana or Moksha: Union with Brahman, the

single spiritual power, perfect peace 1. Dharma: doing one’s moral duty, living an ethical life so

your soul can advance in the next 2. Karma: deed or act with good or bad impact caused by

one’s actions

Samsara Life Cycle

Practice Meditation and Yoga to achieve a unity of body and soul

MOST POPULAR FORMS OF THE HINDU GOD

1. Brahma, the creator

2. Vishnu, the protector

3. Shiva, the destroyer

HINDUISM

Reinforced caste system:Social class determined by birthUntouchables not even a caste

HINDUISM

BUDDHISM

BUDDHISM NOTES

BELIEFS BASICS Follow the teaching of the

Buddha(563 BC-483) Believe in reincarnation, karma,

samsara life cycle Buddha’s main concern was to

end human suffering, unhappiness and ignorance

To attain enlightenment or nirvana: Know the 4 noble truths Follow the eightfold path Follow the middle way

Buddha did not accept the Hindu gods

Taught anyone could reach nirvana regardless of class

Two main forms of Buddhism Mahayana Theravada

Tripitika is often regarded as key text

Worship in temples at times

Mayabodhi Temple, site of Buddha enlightenment.

Lotus flowersand the wheel of life are often symbols

Vesak (Buddha Day)

Vesak is the birthday of the Buddha and the most important festival in Buddhism. On the first full moon day in May, Buddhists all over the world celebrate the birth, enlightenment and death of the Buddha in a single day.

Buddhists have no specific dress code except for the monks who follow a specified dress code of yellow or orange robes. The monastic robes for the Buddhist is known as the civara. Their robes are worn in three parts.

BUDDHISM WEB QUEST Open Buddhism web quest on the web

page Visit the website on the sheet to

complete

JUDAISMJudaismYahwehIsraelAbraham, Moses

TorahStar of DavidSynagogues, TemplesTallit, Yarmulke

One God, 10 Commandments

Wailing WallYom Kippur, Rosh Hashanah, Passover

CHRISTIANITY Christianity

God, Lord, Heavenly Father

IsraelJesus, Apostle Paul

The Bible, New TestamentCrossChurches

No Code, Rosary, CrossHoly Trinity, Teachings of JesusChristmas, Lent, Easter, Good FridayChurch of the Holy Sepulcher

ISLAM

IslamAllah

Present Day Saudi ArabiaMuhammadQuran

Crescent MoonMosquesBurqa

5 pillars of faith, teachings of MuhammadRamadanKaaba, Dome of the Rock

HINDUISM

Brahman, can take many formsHinduism

IndiaNo one founder

Vedas and UpanishadsOm or Aum

TemplesBindi, Dhoti, Sari

Samsara life cycle, reincarnation, dharma, karmaHoli, Diwali

BUDDHISMBuddhism

BuddhaTripiṭaka

Mahabodhi Temple

Temples

India

Doesn’t focus on a deity

Lotus flower, wheel of life, Buddha statue

4 noble truths, Eightfold path, middle way Vesak (Buddha Day)

Civara