Unit 4 : Weathering, Erosion and Landscapes. Earth Science Picture of the Day

Unit 4 : Weathering, Erosion and Landscapes

Earth Science Picture of the Day

http://epod.usra.edu/

At the end of this unit You will be able to

Describe the differences in settling rates due to density, shape and sizeDescribe the factors that increase weatheringInterpret graphs and diagrams relating to erosionDescribe and label, old age, mature and youthful streamsLabel erosion and deposition in a river channelRelate velocity to slope and discharge of a streamDefine: erosion, deposition, weatheringCreate a profile Read and interpret topographic maps

Laboratory Activities for this unit:

Landscape Regions of NYSSlope, Rise over run (gutter) Weathering (top secret)Weathering rocks (shake, shake)Sediment deposition

Turn to the table of contents and copy this down

Unit 4 Surface Processesp 47-49 Vocabularyp 50 Types of weatheringp 51 Weathering ratesp 52 Weathering Agentsp 53 Settling rates

p 54 Water velocityp 55 Stream evolutionp 56 Landscapes

TURN TO PAGE 47… YOU WILL BE WRITING 22

VOCABULARY TERMS. YOU HAVE PAGES (47-49) TO

WRITE THEM ON… I GAVE YOU EXTRA ROOM IN CASE

YOU NEED IT.

Now… turn to page 46 and number up to page 56

Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook

Abrasion: To rub, grind or wear away at rock surfaces and sediment

Chemical Weathering: process by which chemicals break rocks down and make new materials

Erosion: carrying away of sediment to a new location

Mass movement: mudslides, landslides, avalanche, due to gravity


Physical weathering: breakdown of rock with no change in composition

Sediment: particles that are formed by the erosion of rocks and materials

Stream abrasion: rounding, smoothing and size reduction because of rolling, sliding and bouncing along the bottom

Tributary: a small stream or river that joins a larger stream or river


Watershed: an area that is drained by a stream

Weathering: chemical and physical changes of a rock or material at or near the surface

Deposition: sediment is released dropped or settled out from an erosional system

Drumlin: a long narrow streamlined oval mound of unsorted sediment formed by a glacier


Escarpment: a steep slope or cliff in layered rocks often formed when a rock is resistant to weathering and erosion

Landscape: features of the earth’s surface

Mountain: an area of high elevation, with distorted rock structure

Plain: an area of low elevation, with horizontal rock structure


Plateau: an area of high elevation with undistorted horizontal rock structure

Ridge: a long, narrow, high, steep sloped part of a landscape

Stream drainage pattern: the shape of the stream course in an area as viewed from above


Uplifting forces: forces that cause the earth’s surface to be raised up

Sorted sediment: a deposit of sediment based on similar size, shape, or density

Unsorted sediment: a deposit of sediments that are mixed in size, shape and density

Weathering

I. weathering(definition): a physical and chemical process that changes how rocks and minerals look on the surface of the earth

Weathering = a break down = a change

P 50 in notebook

Weathering

A. 2 types of weathering 1. Physical weathering broken down into smaller pieces, hammer, gravity

P 50 in notebook

Weathering

2. Chemical weathering a. Changed into something else, rust, dissolving etc…

P 50 in notebook

Weathering

B. Weathering rates (Foldable)How do I make weathering happened faster? (a faster rate of time?)

1. Softer rocks= faster2. Size, smaller = faster 3. Longer the exposure= more

weathering

P 50 in notebook

C. Weathering agents / cause erosion

Sorted the sediments 1.wind – sand particles blast at the surfacea. Pitted or frosted appearance

P 51 in notebook

C. Weathering agents / cause erosion

Sorted the sediments 2. water – abrasion from rolling and hitting other particlesa. Rounded and smooth

P 51 in notebook

C. Weathering agents/ cause erosion

The 2 “W’s” sort by size

P 51 in notebook

D. Erosion

The movement of soil, rocks, minerals from 1 location to

another.

P 51 in notebook


Unsorted sediments3.glaciers- gouge out the sediment below it.a. “U” shaped valleys, striations or scratches on the bedrock

Visualizations and features

P 51 in notebook


Unsorted sediments3.gravity- makes the objects falla. jagged edges - angular

Visualizations and features

P 51 in notebook


The 2 “G’s” do not sort

P 51 in notebook

E. Settling rates (foldable)

What will make a particle fall to the bottom faster than another?

1. Density a. more dense = settles faster 2. Shape a. rounder it is the faster it settlesAnalogy: Cannon ball vs Belly flop

P 52 in notebook

E. Settling rates (foldable)

What will make a particle fall to the bottom faster than another?

3. Size a. larger it is the faster it settles or falls to the bottomAnalogy: Big kid vs. Little kid on a

water slide ride (see page 31 of notebook)

P 54 in notebook

F. Water velocity

1. What a stream or river can transport is based on the size, density and velocity of the water. (page 6, ESRT)chart

a. stream traveling at 700 Cm/ sec can carry

_______________

P 54 in notebook

Page 6, ESRT

Return to slide

Above the lineCannot carry

Below the Line, CAN carry

F. Water velocity

2. Straight stream (foldable)

Top View Side View

Friction with air and bottom Friction with sides or banks

P 55 in notebook

F. Water velocity

2. Straight stream (foldable) a. fastest flow in the middle of the channel

b. fastest flow right below the surface of the water

P 55 in notebook

F. Water velocity

Fastest flow on the outside of the bend erosionSlow on the inside Deposition material gets deposited

P 56 in notebook

F. Water velocity

a. Outside of bend: fastest flow, erosion b. inside of bend: slow flow, deposition Analogy: Go carts, Running the mile with

a friendmeandering stream#2Oxbow lake

P 56 in notebook

G. Stream Evolution

1. Youthful streams a. straight- no meanders b. Cuts down-Lots of erosion c. “V” shaped valleys d. Fast flow

P 57 in notebook

G. Stream Evolution

2. Mature Streams a. a few meanders or bends

P 57 in notebook

G. Stream Evolution

3. Old age streams a. lots of meanders or bends b. Oxbow lakes

P 57 in notebook

H. Landscapes

1. Mountains a.high elevation- or high relief b.usually made of deformed rocks, such as metamorphic, or igneous

P 57 in notebook

H. Landscapes

2. Plainsa. low elevation- little to no reliefb. flat, typically sedimentaryc. usually surrounding bodies of water

P 57 in notebook

H. Landscapes

3. Plateau: flat topped mountainsa. sedimentary rock

P 57 in notebook

Documents

Unit 4 : Weathering, Erosion and Landscapes. Earth Science Picture of the Day