Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Unit 4 Objectives: Understand feeding standard tables for

various livestock Describe and discuss methods of animal

diet formulation Identify the purpose of a premix, how it

can be formulated and included in a diet

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Balancing Rations to Meet Daily Nutrient Requirements of Animals Materials Needed

Nutrient requirement data NRC Extension/University research

Feed analysis data Info may come from the same source

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Procedural Outline Consult any reference material needed Identify and prepare a list of important

nutrient requirements Determine available feedstuffs Prepare a listing of nutrient composition of

available feeds Balance the ration

Follow guidelines for DMI, CP, TDN, etc.

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Check the ration for proper min/vit concentrations

Recheck the ration Correct any deficiencies Address any excesses Consider palatability and physical feasibility Think about economics Calculate cost

Cost/t Cost/h/d

Will there be any additions not added in the ration?

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Simple Techniques in Ration Formulation Can formulate simple rations on our own

considering only one nutrient Will use these methods for more complex

rations Using two feed sources

Formulate a 16% CP swine diet using corn 8.9% CP, and 36% supplement

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation Algebraic Equations

Example Pearson Square

Precautions Use w/ only two feed materials – either or both

can be mixtures Center number must be intermediate of the two

left numbers to get a correct answer Requirement must be expressed as a percent or

proportion

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Using Three or More Feed Sources Ration – corn, SBM and tankage in a 3:1

mix Formulate the mix of SBM & tankage Use the Pearson Square

Using Fixed Ingredients Prepare 1000# diet from corn, SBM, and

fixed ingredients (10% of diet) Final diet should be 14% CP No protein in the fixed ingredients

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Find % CP for center of square Use Pearson Square to figure parts corn and

SBM Check your ration

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Formulate a 2000 lb diet at 20% CP for Broilers

Feedstuff Amount

Corn (9% CP) ?

SBM (44%) ?

M & B Meal (50% CP) 100

Fish Meal (65% CP) 40

Alfalfa Meal (17.5% CP) 40

Mineral Premix 30

Vitamin Premix 20

Total 2000

Unit 4: Procedures in Feed Formulation

Substituting Ingredients

Computer Assisted Formulation Various ration balancing programs are

available Can program in nutrient profiles, or use the

feed library Still prefer lab analysis on all forages Program calculates nutrient requirements of

the animal you are going to feed