Unit 4 Part IIUnit 4 Part II

The Executive BranchThe Executive Branch

Leader of The Executive BranchLeader of The Executive Branch

Requirements to be President and Requirements to be President and Vice PresidentVice President

PresidentPresident 35 Years Old35 Years Old Native Born Native Born 14 Year Resident14 Year Resident

Vice PresidentVice President ““I am Vice I am Vice

President. In this I President. In this I am nothing, but I am nothing, but I may be everything.” may be everything.” John Adams 1789John Adams 1789

The sameThe same

How are the Pres and VP elected?How are the Pres and VP elected?

By the Electoral CollegeBy the Electoral College

Each state has as many Each state has as many electoral electoral votes as the number votes as the number

of U.S. of U.S. SenatorsSenators and and RepresentativesRepresentatives it has in it has in

Congress.Congress.

The Electoral College SystemThe Electoral College System

Identify how many electoral college votes Identify how many electoral college votes each state has from its membership in the each state has from its membership in the House of Representatives:House of Representatives:

Florida = 25 members in HORFlorida = 25 members in HORNC = 13 members in HORNC = 13 members in HORAlaska = 1 member in HORAlaska = 1 member in HOR

There is a total of There is a total of 538538 electoral electoral votes: votes: 435435 members in the members in the

House of Representatives + House of Representatives + 100100 members in the Senate + members in the Senate + 33

electoral votes for electoral votes for Washington D.C.Washington D.C. = = 538538

To Win requires a majority of To Win requires a majority of electoral voteselectoral votes

270270

If No Candidate wins a majority If No Candidate wins a majority then the then the House of House of

RepresentativesRepresentatives votes to votes to determine the winnerdetermine the winner

Winner-Take-All SystemWinner-Take-All System

In every state except Nebraska and Maine In every state except Nebraska and Maine which ever candidate wins the which ever candidate wins the popularpopular vote wins all of the states electoral vote.vote wins all of the states electoral vote.

One criticism of this system is that a One criticism of this system is that a candidate can win the election by winning candidate can win the election by winning only only 1111 states states

How long are terms for Pres and How long are terms for Pres and VPVP

4 Years4 Years

Presidential Term LimitsPresidential Term Limits

2 Terms 2 Terms 10 Years10 Years

2222ndnd Amendment Amendment

2 terms2 terms10 Years10 Years

Vice PresidentVice President

No term limitsNo term limits

Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession

Vice PresidentVice PresidentSpeaker Of HouseSpeaker Of HousePresident Pro-TemporePresident Pro-TemporeSecretary of State – first non-elected Secretary of State – first non-elected

positionposition

2525thth Amendment Amendment

Officially makes the Officially makes the Vice PresidentVice President the the PresidentPresident

New Pres then chooses another New Pres then chooses another VPVPNew VP needs approval by both the New VP needs approval by both the

SenateSenate and and House of RepsHouse of Reps

Chief ExecutiveChief Executive

Carries out the nations lawsCarries out the nations laws IN CHARGE OF IN CHARGE OF

of 15 Cabinet departmentsof 15 Cabinet departments3 million government workers3 million government workers

EXECUTIVE ORDEREXECUTIVE ORDER

Command from President that has the Command from President that has the force of lawforce of law

APPIONT OFFICIALSAPPIONT OFFICIALS

President is responsible with appointing President is responsible with appointing federal court judges and other government federal court judges and other government officialsofficials

ISSUEISSUE

PARDONS PARDONS – to forgive someone for a – to forgive someone for a crime and free them from punishmentcrime and free them from punishment

REPRIEVES – REPRIEVES – order to delay a person’s order to delay a person’s punishmentpunishment

AMNESTY – AMNESTY – a pardon given to a group of a pardon given to a group of peoplepeople

COMMANDER IN CHIEFCOMMANDER IN CHIEF

War MakingWar Making

Only Only CongressCongress can declare war but only can declare war but only the the PresidentPresident can send troops into battle can send troops into battle

War Powers Act of 1973War Powers Act of 1973

War Powers ActWar Powers Act

President must notify Congress within President must notify Congress within 4848 hours of sending troops into battlehours of sending troops into battle

Troops must come home after Troops must come home after 6060 days days unless Congress grants approval to unless Congress grants approval to remainremain

Legislative LeaderLegislative Leader

Only members of Congress can propose Only members of Congress can propose and write bills but the President is and write bills but the President is expected to expected to propose laws he wantspropose laws he wants

Head of StateHead of State

The The Living Symbol of Living Symbol of the nation. The the nation. The President carries President carries out ceremonialout ceremonial functions for the United Statesfunctions for the United States

Economic LeaderEconomic Leader

Propose the Propose the nation’s budgetnation’s budgetOMB – OMB – Office of Management and Office of Management and

Budget: helps Pres prepareBudget: helps Pres prepareTwo Step Process:Two Step Process:

President ProposesPresident ProposesCongress ApprovesCongress Approves

Party LeaderParty Leader

Leader of his/her PartyLeader of his/her Party

Diplomatic LeaderDiplomatic Leader

The President is in charge of our The President is in charge of our foreign policyforeign policy

Foreign Policy – Foreign Policy – plan for dealing with plan for dealing with other nationsother nations

Goals of Foreign PolicyGoals of Foreign Policy

National Security – National Security – primary concern, primary concern, keep the country safe from attack or keep the country safe from attack or harmharm

Encourage International TradeEncourage International TradePromote World PeacePromote World PeacePromote Democracy around the worldPromote Democracy around the world

Foreign Policy BureaucracyForeign Policy Bureaucracy

State DepartmentState DepartmentDefense DepartmentDefense DepartmentCentral Intelligence Agency (CIA)Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)National Security Council (NSC)National Security Council (NSC)

Tools of Foreign PolicyTools of Foreign Policy

TreatiesTreaties – – Formal agreements between Formal agreements between governmentsgovernments

Economic TreatiesEconomic Treaties

NAFTANAFTA – – North American Free Trade North American Free Trade AgreementAgreement

Defense TreatiesDefense Treaties

NATO – NATO – North Atlantic Treaty North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationOrganization

Executive AgreementsExecutive Agreements

Agreement between President and Agreement between President and leader of another countryleader of another country

Does not need Does not need SenateSenate approval approval

Appointing AmbassadorsAppointing Ambassadors

An official representative of a country’s An official representative of a country’s governmentgovernment

Need Need SenateSenate approval approval

Foreign AidForeign Aid

Money, food, military assistance given Money, food, military assistance given to help other countriesto help other countries

Trade SanctionsTrade Sanctions

Punishing another country with trade Punishing another country with trade barriersbarriers

EmbargoEmbargo

Agreement among group of nations not Agreement among group of nations not to trade with a target nationto trade with a target nation

Military ForceMilitary Force

President may use military to carry out President may use military to carry out foreign policyforeign policy

Organization of the Executive Organization of the Executive BranchBranch

PyramidPyramidPresidentPresident

President

The Presidents AdministrationThe Presidents Administration

Top officials who advise and assist the Top officials who advise and assist the President in his/her job of running the President in his/her job of running the country. Get their positions base on the country. Get their positions base on the spoils system – spoils system – rewarding people with rewarding people with government jobs based on their government jobs based on their political supportpolitical support Usually Usually replacedreplaced with each new President. with each new President.

Executive Office of the PresidentExecutive Office of the President

Thousands of highly trained Thousands of highly trained specialists, secretaries and clerks that specialists, secretaries and clerks that assist the Presidentassist the President

OMBOMB

Prepares the federal budgetPrepares the federal budget

National Security CouncilNational Security Council

Helps President direct US military and Helps President direct US military and foreign policy, supervises the CIA foreign policy, supervises the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency)(Central Intelligence Agency)

Council of Economic AdvisorsCouncil of Economic Advisors

Advises the President on the EconomyAdvises the President on the Economy

The Cabinet: Composed of the HeaThe Cabinet: Composed of the Heads of ds of

Executive DepartmentsExecutive DepartmentsAdvise the President on issues related Advise the President on issues related to their departmentsto their departments

The Vice PresidentThe Vice President

Little responsibility in past but has Little responsibility in past but has grown more involved with recent grown more involved with recent PresidentsPresidents

The Federal BureaucracyThe Federal Bureaucracy

Around 3 million civilian workersAround 3 million civilian workersCivil Service Workers – Civil Service Workers – range from range from

clerks to lawyers who work for the clerks to lawyers who work for the federal governmentfederal government

Civil Service System – Civil Service System – the practice of the practice of hiring government workers based on hiring government workers based on meritmerit

The Merit System – The Merit System – hiring based on hiring based on abilityability

What does the Federal What does the Federal Bureaucracy do?Bureaucracy do?

Decide how to apply new laws to daily Decide how to apply new laws to daily lifelife

Administer the day to day operations of Administer the day to day operations of the governmentthe government

Federal agencies regulate various Federal agencies regulate various activitiesactivities

Identify the responsibilities of Identify the responsibilities of each of the executive each of the executive departments using page 227 of departments using page 227 of your textyour text

What are independent agencies in What are independent agencies in the executive branch?the executive branch?

Called independent because they are Called independent because they are not a part of one of the executive not a part of one of the executive departmentsdepartments

Executive AgenciesExecutive Agencies

Deal with certain specialized areasDeal with certain specialized areasExample = Example = NASA (National Aeronautics NASA (National Aeronautics

and Space Administration)and Space Administration)

Government CorporationsGovernment Corporations

Businesses that the government ownsBusinesses that the government ownsExample = Example = USPS (United States Postal USPS (United States Postal

ServiceService

Regulatory CommissionsRegulatory Commissions

Regulatory Boards and CommissioRegulatory Boards and CommissionsnsProtect public by enforcing rules for Protect public by enforcing rules for

certain groups or industriescertain groups or industriesMembers are appointed by the Members are appointed by the

PresidentPresident but can only be removed but can only be removed from office by from office by impeachmentimpeachment

OSHA OSHA

Occupational Safety Occupational Safety and Health and Health AdministrationAdministration

Make sure the Make sure the workplace is safeworkplace is safe

SECSEC

Securities and Securities and Exchange Exchange CommissionCommission

Regulate trade, Regulate trade, protect investors, protect investors, maintain fair maintain fair marketsmarkets

FTCFTC

Federal Trade Federal Trade CommissionCommission

Maintains fair Maintains fair competition, competition, regulates regulates advertising, ensures advertising, ensures safe productssafe products

EPAEPA

Environmental Environmental Protection AgencyProtection Agency

Issue licenses and Issue licenses and regulate activity to regulate activity to protect the protect the environmentenvironment

FCCFCC

Federal Federal Communications Communications CommissionCommission

Makes broadcasting Makes broadcasting rules and regulates rules and regulates all communication all communication networksnetworks