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Unit 4, Part 2. From Every Corner of the Land. Short Stories. Short Story – brief work of fiction No specific length Usually between 500 words and 50 pages Short enough to be read in one “sitting”. Elements of a Short Story. Plot Characters Setting Theme Point of View Tone - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Unit 4, Part 2From Every Corner of the Land
Short Stories
Short Story – brief work of fictionNo specific lengthUsually between 500 words and 50 pagesShort enough to be read in one “sitting”
Elements of a Short Story
Plot Characters Setting Theme Point of View Tone Mood or Atmosphere Symbol
Plot
Plot – sequence of events that make up a storyConflict – struggle that the main character faces
External – character struggles against an outside force Character vs. CharacterCharacter vs. NatureCharacter vs. Society
Internal – character struggles with opposing feelings, beliefs, needs, or wants
Resolution – resolves the conflict
Plot Structure
Exposition – introduces the characters, setting, and conflict Rising Action – conflict increases in intensity Climax – Turning point – highest point of tension Falling Action – conflict lessens in intensity Resolution – resolves the conflict
Often subtle Sometimes no resolution
Characters
Characters – the people, animals, or objects who participate in the action of the storyProtagonist – the main characterAntagonist – the character who is working against the
protagonistCharacterization – techniques used by writers to
develop and reveal a character’s personality
Setting
Setting – the time and place of the storyCan simply be the background for the storyCan play a crucial role in the story’s plot or conflict
Theme
Theme – main idea, central message, or insight revealed by the storyUsually impliedReader has to piece together clues from the storyOften it is what the protagonist learns or how the character
changes as a result of the story
Point of View
Point of view – perspective or vantage point from which a story is told First person – main character is the narrator and uses “I” throughout Third person
Limited – main character is outside the story and simply relates the storyOmniscient – main character is outside the story, but knows the thoughts and
feelings of more than one character; even knows events that have occurred in the past that the characters don’t know
Tone
Tone – the writer’s attitude towards the characters, the reader, or the subject matterClosely related to the narrator’s voiceCool, detached, compassionate, understanding, etc.
Mood
Mood or atmosphere – the feeling that the story evokes in a readerUsually depends on the setting
Spooky, eerie, oppressive
Symbol
Symbol – person, place, or object that has its own meaning but also stands for something larger than itselfEx. Veil in “The Minister’s Black Veil”
Reading Strategies
Identify the conflict Interpret the themeRead passages aloud
Author’s Style
Author’s style – manner in which the author puts ideas into wordsSyntax – sentence styleWord Choice – adjectives? Tone or emotional attitude – events suggesting emotions?
Explanations?
Theme
Theme – message about life that the author seems to impart based on his or her literature
Latin prefix in-
In- A location or direction (in, into, within, on, or toward) A negative (no, not, without)
If In- comes before a word that starts with p, we use Im- See Word analysis on page 831
Stream of Consciousness
Stream of consciousness – follows the not-so-linear thought patterns of humans Presents sequences of thought as if they were coming directly from a
character’s mind Leaves our transitional words and phrases found in traditional prose Connects details only through a character’s associations Flashback – interruptions in which an earlier event is described
Memory Story told about a characterDream or daydreamSwitch in time to past
Greek Prefix Dys-
Difficult or bad Dysfunctional (functional means working properly) = not working properly Dyslexia (lexis means word or speech) = difficulty with words or speech Dysentery (entry means intestine) = disturbance or difficulty with the
intestines Dyspepsia (pepsis means digestion) = difficulty with digestion Dystopia (topos means place) – place filled with difficulty
Archetype
Archetype – plot, character, symbol, or idea that recurs in the literature or mythology of many different cultures across the world Hero’s quest – classic quest tales
Hero is on a journey to obtain something of great valueHero encounters obstacles that test his or her characterHero overcomes these obstacles, often with the aid of others, and often at great
sacrificeHero receives a boon, or benefit, that is used to help othersHero’s quest symbolizes the larger journey of life
Humorous Essay
Humorous essay – short, funny work of literature Hyperbole – exaggeration or outrageous overstatement Understatements – downplaying a dramatic event, or saying less than what is
meant Opposite of Hyperbole
Idioms – expressions in which the literal meanings of the words do not add up to the actual meaning
Ex. “raining cats and dogs” Dialect – ways of speaking that are particular to a region or group
Apostrophe and Personification
Apostrophe – literary device in which a speaker directly addresses a thing, concept, or person who is dead or absent
Personification – nonhuman subject is given human characteristics
Poetry of Robert Frost
Blank Verse – unrhymed iambic pentameter (5 repetitions of unstressed/stressed)
Pastorals – poems that deal with rural settings
How to read poetry
No punctuation – continue to read at the same pace
Comma, dash, or semi-colon – pause before continuing
Period, exclamation point, or question mark – Full stop
Latin Root –lum-
-lum- means giving off lightIlluminate – giving off lightLuminous – glowingIllumination- explanation (shedding light onto
something)