Unit 4: PACKET PHOTOSYNTHESIS

This packet is designed to help you understand concepts about PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

As you practice the exercises on each handout, you will be able to:

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy. HS10-LS1-5.5 Explain that all living systems use energy from the sun either directly or indirectly

through photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

HS10-LS1-5.6 Explain the location in the chloroplast where each stage of photosynthesis occurs: thylakoid, thylakoid membrane, stroma, photosystem.

HS10-LS1-5.7 Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent

(Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis (ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). HS10-LS1-5.8 Describe the general process of photosynthesis including: location (chloroplast),

light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions.

Record this packet in the Table of Contents for Unit 4. This will be the first “HANDOUT.”

Contained in this Packet:

1. Autotroph & Heterotroph Paragraph 2. ATP Structure and Function 3. NADP+ & NADPH 4. Chloroplast Structure & Function 5. Electron Transport Chain Questions 6. Light Dependent Reaction 7. Calvin Cycle 8. Photosynthesis Essay Practice

UNIT 4: Autotroph & Heterotroph Paragraph

Organisms use energy in different ways: directly or indirectly. Because organisms use energy

differently, they can be classified as either autotrophs or heterotrophs. Using the Energy Flow Chart in the Unit 4: Photosynthesis Notes, describe how AUTOTROPHS use

energy from sun in a productive way. (CER)

PART 1: AUTOTROPH PARAGRAPH (CER) HS10-LS1-5.5 Explain that all living systems use energy from the sun either directly or indirectly through photosynthesis or cellular

respiration.

UNIT 4: Autotroph & Heterotroph Paragraph

Organisms use energy in different ways: directly or indirectly. Because organisms use energy

differently, they can be classified as either autotrophs or heterotrophs. Using the Energy Flow Chart in the Unit 4: Photosynthesis Notes, describe how HETEROTROPHS use

energy from sun in a productive way. (CER)

PART 2: HETEROTROPH PARAGRAPH (CER) HS10-LS1-5.5 Explain that all living systems use energy from the sun either directly or indirectly through photosynthesis or cellular

respiration.

UNIT 4: ATP Structure & Function

Energy is the ability to cause change or do work. All living things require energy in order to function. Energy for living things is stored in energy storing compounds such as: carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. However,

this energy is not yet in a usable form. These energy storing compounds must be converted into a more useable

form: ATP. Because ATP is the only form of energy that cells can use right away, ATP is often referred to as the “energy currency of the cell.” Improving your understanding about ATP will also help you understand how

ATP is made and used in processes such as Photosynthesis. Objective: The purpose of this video is to provide information so that students can:

1. Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis (ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). (HS10-LS1-5.9)

Directions: 1. FUN NOTES: Review the structure & function of ATP using the green section entitled: “ATP & NADP+.” 2. Go to the class website: thsclaybio.weebly.com 3. Scroll down to Unit 4: Photosynthesis. 4. Click the button: “ATP Structure & Function” 5. Turn on the closed captioning by clicking:

6. Watch the video at least 1 time without stopping.

7. As you answer the questions that follow, PAUSE & REWIND OFTEN!!

1. What does ATP stand for?

2. Why is ATP often referred to as the “energy currency of the cell?”

3. When cells produce ATP, is this ATP stored or used immediately?

4. Why is ATP considered a nucleotide?

The questions below are designed to explain important concepts about ATP. Answer each question. INCLUDE DETAILS!

5. Below is an example of an ATP molecule. Color and label the following items: Label the parts of ATP in the diagram below (be specific). Use a GREEN color pencil to shade in the part of the ATP molecule that represents “adenosine.” Use a YELLOW color pencil to shade in the part of the ATP molecule that represents “triphosphate.”

6. Below is an example of an ATP molecule with a specific location highlighted.

7. Draw a simple cycle that represents how ATP and ADP are connected. Include a brief description/caption that describes the events in this drawing.

#3 #2 #1

#3 #2 #1

Why is this specific chemical bond between phosphate #2 & #3 important?

8. PAUSE THE VIDEO…In each example below, identify the parts of an ATP and ADP molecule.

9. PLAY THE VIDEO…How is the ATP/ADP Cycle in question #7 like a rechargeable battery?

Circle AND Label the parts of an ATP molecule. Circle AND Label the parts of an ADP molecule.

UNIT 4: NADP+ & NADPH

Photosynthesis is a process through which autotrophs (producers) are able to use the energy directly from the

sun in productive ways. Because photosynthesis is a multi-step process, there are specific molecules with specific jobs that assist in this process. One type of molecule is a carrier molecule called: NADP+. Without

NADP+, photosynthesis would not

Objective: The purpose of this exercise is to provide information so that students can:

1. Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis (ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). (HS10-LS1-5.9)

Directions: 1. FUN NOTES:

Review the structure & function of NADP+ using the green section entitled: “ATP & NADP+.” 2. Answer the questions that follow.

1. What kind of molecule is NADP+?

2. What does NADP+ do?

3. Find Mrs. C. Ask how to draw and label a diagram that shows how NADP+ becomes NADPH.

The questions below are designed to explain important concepts about NADP+ & NADPH. Answer each question.

INCLUDE DETAILS!

Chloroplast Structure & Function The chloroplast is an organelle essential for photosynthesis. This organelle has the ability to use energy directly from the sun to produce energy

storing compounds necessary for life. Understanding the parts of the chloroplast and the events that take place at each part is necessary to understanding the process of photosynthesis.

Objective: 1. The purpose of this handout is to provide information so that students can:

Explain the location in the chloroplast where each stage of photosynthesis occurs: thylakoid, thylakoid membrane, stroma, photosystem. (HS10-LS1-5.8)

Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis (ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). (HS10-LS1-5.9)

Describe the general process of photosynthesis including: location (chloroplast), light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions. (HS10-LS1-5.10)

Directions: Use the graphic below to:

1. Name the organelle where photosynthesis takes place. 2. Label the location of the Light Dependent Reaction. 3. Label the location of the Calvin Cycle.

4. CIRCLE the reactants (ingredients) photosynthesis uses (there are 3). 5. BOX the products produced during photosynthesis (there are 2). 6. Explain the connection between the Light Dependent Reaction and the

Calvin Cycle.

Organelle Name

Location of Calvin Cycle

Explain the connection between the Light Dependent Reaction & the Calvin Cycle.

Location of Light Dependent Reaction

Unit 4: Electron Transport Chain Questions

1. What is the function of these structures?

2. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

3. What gets donated to the Electron Transport Chain?

4. What is the purpose of Electron Transport?

5. What is the purpose of Chemiosmosis?

6. What gets accepted at the end of the Electron Transport Chain?

thylakoid photosystem

granum stroma

What is the name of the organelle

where these structures are

found?

Unit 4: Light Dependent Reaction

This handout addresses the following learning targets:

HS-LS1-5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy HS10-LS1-5.7 Explain that all living systems use energy from the sun either directly or indirectly through photosynthesis or cellular

respiration. HS10-LS1-5.8 Explain the location in chloroplast where stage of photosynthesis occurs: thylakoid, thylakoid membrane, stroma,

photosystem. HS10-LS1-5.9 Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis

(ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). HS10-LS1-5.10 Describe the general process of photosynthesis including: location (chloroplast), light dependent & light independent

(Calvin Cycle) reactions. 1. What connection can be made between how an organism obtains energy from the sun & whether the organism is an

autotroph or heterotroph? 2. What is the basic energy source for ALL CELLS? 3. What are two differences between ADP and ATP?

6. Describe and Circle the part of ATP that is the key to its ability to store & release energy. (be specific)

7. What is the purpose of NADP+ (be specific)? 8. Identify AND describe the function of the structures below. 9. What is the basic chemical equation for photosynthesis?

_________________ (organelle) FUNCTION:

_________________ (space) FUNCTION:

_________________ (stack) FUNCTION:

_________________ (individual)

FUNCTION:

4. Label which molecule is an example of ADP & which molecule is an example of ATP. 5. Label all 3 parts of each molecule AND # the phosphate functional groups.

10. What are the names of the two reactions involved in photosynthesis?

Fill in the missing information for the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis. Don’t forget to include the following items:

label each component of the membrane (there are 3) label the thylakoid membrane, the stroma, and the

thylakoid space label existing gradients

label [ ] differences show how the gradient is used identify the donor and acceptor molecules What is made using that gradient?

11. Name the donor molecule in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

12. What does the donor molecule donate?

13. Name the acceptor molecule in the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

14. What does the acceptor molecule accept?

15. What happens in Photosystem II? 16. What happens in Photosystem I?

17. What does the acceptor molecule accept? What is produced after the acceptor molecule accepts?

18. Where does the light dependent reaction occur in the chloroplast (be specific)?

19. What is the purpose of Electron Transport in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? 20. What is the purpose of Chemiosmosis in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis?

21. ____________________ & _____________________ are 2 substances produced in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis that are used in the light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle).

UNIT 4: Calvin Cycle HANDOUT

This handout addresses the following learning targets:

HS-PS1-5 SCIENTIFIC METHOD & INQUIRY: The Inquiry Process and Analysis and Communication HS10-PS1-5.2 Students apply the scientific method to a real world problem. HS10-PS1-5.5 Identify the following items in an experimental investigation: independent variable, dependent variable, constants,

experimental group, control group. HS-LS1-5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy HS10-LS1-5.8 Explain the location in the chloroplast where each stage of photosynthesis occurs: thylakoid, thylakoid membrane, stroma,

photosystem. HS10-LS1-5.9 Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis

(ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH). HS10-LS1-5.10 Describe the general process of photosynthesis including: location (chloroplast), light dependent and light independent

(Calvin Cycle) reactions.

A photosynthesis experiment was conducted to determine if different wavelengths of light affected the rate of photosynthesis (measured by plant growth). Four of the same plants were planted in the same soil type, given the

same amount of water and each exposed to light for 4 days. Each plant, however, was exposed to a different color of light. The results are recorded below. Use this information to answer the questions that follow.

Table 1: Change in Plant Growth Over Time

* Unfiltered light is light that contains all the wavelengths of color as seen using an ordinary light bulb.

1. In this experiment, what is the independent variable? 2. In this experiment, what is the dependent variable? 3. Describe the conditions in the experimental group and the control group. (be specific)

Day Red Green Yellow Unfiltered * 1 8 cm 11 cm 6 cm 11 cm 2 6 cm 7 cm 5 cm 6 cm 3 7 cm 9 cm 6 cm 8 cm 4 5 cm 5 cm 5 cm 5 cm

Experimental Group Control Group

Red Light Green Light Yellow Light Unfiltered Light *

Plant #1 Plant #2 Plant #3 Plant #4

Figure 1 is a representation of data collected from an experiment testing different factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. Use the information provided the answer questions #5 & #6.

4. According to the graphs in Figure 1, name 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis. 5. In the graphs represented in Figure 1, describe how each factor affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Figure 2 is a representation of a photosynthesis experiment that was performed by placing a green water plant inside a closed container made of a funnel and a test tube. The green plant was exposed to lamp light and the amount of gas

was collected at the top of the test tube. Use the information provided to answer questions #6 & #7.

6. Based on the photosynthesis experiment in Figure 2, what gas is collected at the top of the test tube?

7. Based on the photosynthesis experiment in Figure 2, what is the purpose of exposing the water plant to lamp light?

Figure 1

A B CV

Figure 2

A B CV

Fill in the missing information for the light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) of photosynthesis. 8. Where does the Calvin Cycle take place (be specific)?

9. Where does the ATP and NADPH used in the Calvin Cycle come from? 10. What happens to the ADP, Pi and NADP+ produced from the Calvin Cycle?

11. What is the name of the 3-carbon compound produced in the Calvin Cycle?

12. The PURPOSE of the Calvin Cycle (light-independent reaction of photosynthesis) is to use ______________ & ____________ from

the light-dependent reaction to produce ______________________________________________________________ (“ultimate monomer”).

This monomer can then be used to make ______________________________________ , ________________________________________ , and

_________________________________________________ .

13. Overall, what is the purpose of photosynthesis? (be specific)

STEP #1

RuBP meets up with ________

STEP 2

The energy from ________ is used to attach the ____________ from carbon

dioxide to ____________.

STEP 3

The energy from ______________ is used to remove the 2 ___________________ atoms from

carbon dioxide AND attach a _________________ atom to the new carbon.

MONOMER

_______________________________________________________is the name of the “ultimate monomer” made during the Calvin Cycle.

This monomer can be used to make 3 other energy storing compounds: 1. __________________________________________

2. __________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________

Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow:

14. What are 2 energy storing compounds produced in the light dependent reaction that are used in the Calvin Cycle?

15. What are 2 compounds produced in the Calvin Cycle that are used in the light dependent reaction?

16. What is the waste product produced during the light dependent reaction? 17. What is the energy storing compound produced in the Calvin Cycle? 18. Where does the energy to perform photosynthesis ultimately come from? 19. What is the name of the organelle where photosynthesis takes place?

20. Write the equation for photosynthesis below.

21. In the photosynthesis equation in question #20, LABEL the part(s) of the equation is involved in the light dependent reaction. LABEL the part(s) of the equation is involved in the light independent reaction (Calvin Cycle).

PHOTOSYNTHESIS EQUATION

Unit 4: Photosynthesis Essay Practice

The following essay addresses these standards: HS-LS1-5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy

HS10-LS1-5.5 Explain that all living systems use energy from the sun either directly or indirectly through photosynthesis or cellular respiration.

HS10-LS1-5.6 Explain the location in the chloroplast where each stage of photosynthesis occurs: thylakoid, thylakoid membrane, stroma, photosystem.

HS10-LS1-5.7 Describe the flow of energy between the light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions of photosynthesis (ATP, ADP, Pi, NADP+, NADPH).

HS10-LS1-5.8 Describe the general process of photosynthesis including: location (chloroplast), light dependent and light independent (Calvin Cycle) reactions.

HS10-LS1-5.9 Write a simple chemical equation for the process of photosynthesis.

Overall, why is the process of photosynthesis important to YOU and ALL LIFE on Earth? (CER)

Below is a list of concepts related to photosynthesis. Use ALL of these concepts to form a complete explanation. Energy from the sun (directly/indirectly) Carbon from the atmosphere (CO2) Energy storing compounds

Autotroph/Heterotroph Producers/Consumers