U N I T 4

IDENTIFY THE PATTERN

WITH YOUR GROUP, PLEASE:

1. State what your pattern is (e.g. LISTING, SEQUENCE, COMPARISON, etc.)

2. Show an example paragraph of your pattern from the book

3. Explain when/why we use that pattern4. Is there any language that helps us

recognize that pattern?5. Get ready to explain your pattern to

other groups.

CAUSE AND EFFECT, P 181: STRUCTURE

1. Main idea (first sentence) States that something causes something else—or is caused by something elsee.g. 1. Stress at work can cause loss of sleep.2. Loss of sleep can be caused by stress.

2. Supporting facts/details (remaining sentences) Explains/gives examples of the causes and/or effects

CAUSE AND EFFECT, P 181: COMMON LANGUAGE

When the cause comes first:cause, create, make, produce, influence, contribute to, lead to, result in

When the effect comes first: be due to, be caused by, be the result of, be the consequence of, result from

LISTING, P 173

•A. Structure•B. Common language

LISTING, P 173: STRUCTURE

1. Main idea (first sentence)=generalization and tells you to expect a list of facts or idease.g. In the Trobriand Islands, the yam (a root vegetable) is important in several ways.

2. Supporting facts/details (remaining sentences)

LISTING, P 173: COMMON LANGUAGE

FOR THE MAIN IDEA:• Many, several, a lot of, some, a few, a number of,

various, all kinds of

FOR THE SUPPORTING DETAILS:• First…, In addition/Additionally…, Finally/Lastly…• One (way the yam is important is…)…, Another

…., A final…

SEQUENCE, P 175

•A. Structure•B. Common language

SEQUENCE, P 175: STRUCTURE

1. Main idea (first sentence)describes sequence of events OR steps that happen in a certain order

2. Franklin Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, served his country for most of his life.

3. Doing laundry is not difficult./Doing laundry is a simple process.

2. Supporting facts/details (remaining sentences) the events or steps that follow

SEQUENCE, P 175: COMMON LANGUAGE

FOR THE MAIN IDEA:

For events: A word or phrase that refers to a date, time or period:• 1945, life, was born, history, began,

career, a long time

For a process:• How to, doing, prepare, process, steps

SEQUENCE, P 175: COMMON LANGUAGE

FOR THE SUPPORTING DETAILS:For events: A date, a time, the age of a person, or phrases with time: early in the morning, two o’clock, for an hour

For a process:Phrases that tell about the order of events or steps• First…, Second…, Then…, Next…, Finally…• before, while, now, after, last

COMPARISON, P. 179

•A. Structure•B. Common language

COMPARISON, P. 179: STRUCTURE

1. Main idea (first sentence)presents two or more things, people or ideas and says how they are similar, different or both

In most ways, Ukrainian cooking is different from Japanese cooking.

2. Supporting facts/details (remaining sentences) the specific similarities and/or differences between the two things compared

COMPARISON, P. 179: STRUCTURE

MAIN IDEAusually includes the two things that will be compared and the fact that they are mostly similar, mostly different, or both (if the paragraph will discuss both)

SUPPORTING DETAILSWords that show similarity:alike, like, similar, same, also, both, too, in the same way, in common

Words that show difference:different, unlike, but, however, although, while, whereas, on the other hand, in contrast, rather, instead

PROBLEM/SOLUTION, P. 184

•A. Structure•B. Common language

PROBLEM/SOLUTION, P. 184: STRUCTURE

1. Main idea (first sentence)presents a problem of some kind

In many developing countries, homes do not have electricity and people do not own refrigerators.

2. Supporting facts/details (remaining sentences) Explains and gives details about the problem, then explains and gives details about a solution to the problem

PROBLEM/SOLUTION, P. 184: COMMON LANGUAGE

Words that indicate a problem:problem, situation, trouble, crisis, issue, question, dilemma

Words that indicate a solution:solution, solve, resolution, resolve, decide