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UNIT 4:
PART E – LANGUAGE FOCUS
PRONUNCIATION /w /-/j /
we wheel
west wet
wine whale
yes years
yellow use
young York
I. PRONUNCIATION
Listen and repeat
/w/ /j/
1. We went for a walk in the woods near the railway .
2. We wore warm clothes and walked quickly to keep warm.
3. At about twelve, we had veal sandwiches and sweet white wine, and we watched TV.
4. Excuse me. Did you use to live in York?
5. Did you use to be a tutor at the University?
6. I read about Hugh in the newspaper yesterday.
Practise reading aloud these sentences
II/ GRAMMAR:
• A. Gerund and Present participle
• B. Perfect gerund and perfect participle
GERUND
FORM: V_ING
USE:
EX: Singing is her hobby.
EX: She enjoys singing.
1. Danh động từ có thể làm chủ ngữ.
2 .Danh động từ có thể làm tân ngữ cho một số động từ: enjoy,
mind, love, hate, dislike, suggest, start, remember, stop,….
A. Gerund and Present participle
3. Danh động từ có thể làm bổ ngữ cho giới từ,, các ngữ động
từ: be interested in, be fond of, thank for, can’t stand..
PRESENT PARTICIPLE:
FORM: V_ING
USE:
EX: She was watching T.V when the phone rang.
EX: I see him crossing the street
1. Hiện tại phân từ đi sau “to be” để tạo thành thì tiếp diễn.
2. Dùng sau các động từ chỉ tri giác.(hear, see, smell, feel, find..)
EX: He spent a lot of time doing charity work
EX: They wasted their youth hanging around with bad people
EX :She finished her homework. She sang a song.
-> Finishing her homework, she sang a song.
3. Dùng trong cấu trúc: “ spend / waste+ time/ money+ present participle”
4 . Dùng trong dạng tỉnh lược mệnh đề
Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate gerund of the
verbs.
spend behave wait park start bend meet listen
1. I have no objection to _______ to your story again.
2. Touch your toes without _______ your knees!
3. You should be ashamed of yourself for ______ so badly
4. I am looking forward to __________ you.
5. You can’t prevent him from ______ his own money.
6. Would you mind _______ for a moment?
7. In spite of _______ late, we arrived in time.
Exercise 1: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate
gerund of the verbs.
spend behave wait park start bend meet listen
Exercise 2: Complete each of the following sentences with an appropriate
present participle of the verbs.
lie modernize shop pass prepare rise try read burn
1.She smelt something _______and saw smoke______.
2. If she catches you ______her diary, she’ll be furious.
3. They found a tree _____ across the road.
4. I’m going _________this afternoon.
5. He doesn’t spend much time __________his lesson.
6 .They wasted a whole afternoon_____ to repair the bike.
7. They spent a lot of money ____________the house.
B. Perfect gerund and perfect participle
FORM: having + V3/-ed
USE:
Dùng thay cho hình thức hiện tại của danh động từ khi chúng ta đề
cập đến hành động trong quá khứ
Ex: He was accused of having stolen their money.
Perfect gerund
Perfect participle
FORM: having + V3/-ed
USE: - dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề khi hành động trong mệnh đề đó xảy ra trước
Ex: He finished all his homework and then he went to bed.
→ Having finished all his homework, he went to bed.
- dùng rút ngắn mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian.
Ex: After he had fallen from the horse back, he was taken to hospital and
had an operation.
→ After having fallen from the horse back, he was taken to
hospital and had an operation.
Exercise 3: Put the verb in brackets into the perfect gerund or perfect participle.
1. I object to him____________ (make) private calls on the office
phone.
2. ___________(be) his own boss for such a long time, he found it
hard to accept orders from another.
3. They denied_____________ (be) there.
4._______ ____(tie) one end of the rope to his bed, he threw the
other end out of the window.
5._____________ (read) the instruction, he snatched up the fire
extinguisher.
6. The children admitted____________ (take) the money.
- Learn the lesson by heart.
- Do all the exercises in the textbook.
- Prepare the new lesson.
