UNIT 4: DNA, Chromosomes, and Cell Division Biology I DAYSHEET 44: Mitosis Name _____________________________________ Date: __________ Catalyst / Bellringer:

1. What are the three sub-phases that are apart of interphase? ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________

2. What important event takes place during the Synthesis (S) phase of interphase? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How many phases is the Cell Cycle composed of? ________________________________

4. What is the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis? _______________________________

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Objective: I can name, identify, and explain the steps of each phase of cellular division. Homework: Complete HW44

Activity 1: Cornell Notes  

Biology Objective / Essential Question:

 

Main Ideas / Questions: 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 3. 5. What happens after mitosis?

Notes: A Review: • What important information is stored in the nucleus? • What can you say DNA is like? • What does DNA do? • How is DNA packaged? _________________________________________________________

Before a cell copies itself, its DNA is like _______________________ What’s the big deal? To make DNA easier to copy and divide, a cell coils up all it’s DNA into structures called _______________________

                                                                                               

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Chromosomes are made of _________________________ Each chromosome is made up of identical parts called _____________________ Chromatids are attached together at the _______________________ Human _______________________ have 46 chromosomes --- like ____________ They can be put into __________________________________________________ Each pair is made of chromosomes that are the same _____________, __________, and have the same ______________________. These are called _____________________

For each pair, you get one chromosome from your _______________ and one from your ________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Main Ideas / Questions: ______________________ 4. ______________________ ______________________ 5.

Notes: Stop & Jot:

1. Why have we compared DNA and chromosomes inside the nucleus to loose

yarn and socks? ___________________________________________________________________ There are two types of chromosomes: 1. ______________________________ 2. ________________________________ The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _________________________. Autosomes ________________ determine gender. The 23rd pair of chromosomes are called _________________________. Sex chromosomes determine the _______________ of the individual. _______________ in females & ______________ in males Males determine the sex of the child! ___________________________________________________________________

Stop & Jot:

1. Look at the two individuals below. Correctly label their sex chromosomes.

2. How many chromosomes are found in human cells that do not control the gender of the individual?

___________________________________________________________________ Each organism has a characteristic number of chromosomes that can be identified by a __________________________ A karyotype is an ___________________________________________ within a cell by pairs in a fixed order.

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Main Ideas / Questions: ______________________ 6. ______________________ 7.

Notes: Stop & Jot:

1. What kind of information can be determined by studying a karyotype?

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  Review! Cells must be able to divide to make more copies of themselves for:

• __________________________

• __________________________

• __________________________ __________________________ is the time of growth and division of a cell.

• It makes an exact copy of the starting cell! Like a cellular copy machine. • The cell cycle is divided into 3 periods:

1. ___________________

2. ___________________

3. ___________________

_____________________ is the longest period of the cell cycle!

• Activities: cell growth, metabolism, copying DNA copying organelles

___________________________________________________________________ Mitosis is made up of 4 phases:

1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ 3. ____________________________ 4. ____________________________

 

 

 

 

Activity 2: Modeling Mitosis! Before Mitosis: Make sure there are 2 different strips of paper on your plate Each strip of paper represents a chromosome

o How many chromosomes does your cell have before mitosis?

DNA Replication Before mitosis can start, the DNA has to replicate. Place a matching paper next to each one that is already on your plate.

o What does it mean when the DNA “replicates?”

o How many chromosomes does your cell have after DNA replication?

o Why does the DNA have to replicate before mitosis? Prophase: “Package”

o During prophase, the DNA gets bundled into _______________________

o Why is it useful for the DNA to get packaged into chromosomes?

Main Ideas / Questions: 8. ______________________ 9. 10. 11. 12.

Notes: Prophase: In prophase:

• Chromosomes become visible • Nuclear envelope starts to dissolve • The spindle forms

___________________________________________________________________ Metaphase: In Metaphase:

• Chromosomes line up on the equator (middle) of the cell

___________________________________________________________________ Anaphase: In Anaphase:

• Chromosomes are split Apart at the centromere

• The spindle shortens • Chromatids are pulled to

Opposite ends of the cell

___________________________________________________________________ Telophase: In Telophase:

• Nuclear envelope reforms • Chromosomes uncoil • Spindle dissolves • Cytoplasm begins to pinch in

___________________________________________________________________ Cytokinesis In Cytokinesis

• The cytoplasm splits down the middle forming two daughter cells • Nuclear envelope (membrane) starts to reform

Activity 2: Cells Alive Mitosis! 1. Go to www.cellsalive.com

2. Click on “Mitosis” in the left hand menu

3. Click the PLAY button to watch a cell go through the phases of mitosis

4. Go back and study each phase closely by clicking on the phases one at a time

5. Draw pictures of what the cell looks like in each phase in your Cells Alive Book!

6. Answer the questions at the bottom for each phase of mitosis

7. Complete the summary of mitosis by filling in the blank spaces using the word bank below:

Asexual Reproduction Packaged Grow

Nuclei Identical Repair

Cytoplasm Middle Separated

HW44: Mitosis Review Biology I

Name: ___________________________ Date: _____________________

1. Correctly  label  the  following  diagram  using  words  from  the  provided  word  bank  below:    Word  Bank:      Centromere   Chromatid   Chromosome        Chromatid  

                                                           A  

 

 

A. ______________________    

B. ______________________    

C. ______________________  B  

D. ______________________                          

 

 

 

                                                                                                           C                                            D  

2. If cell #2 went through mitosis, how many chromosomes would be in each daughter cell? _____ 3. Put the following events in order (write 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 next to each event): __Prophase __DNA synthesis __Anaphase __Metaphase __Telophase ___Cytokinesis 4. Put the following pictures of the events of mitosis in order:

--CONTINUED ON BACK--

5. What is one thing that must happen in the cell BEFORE mitosis can take place? 6. During normal mitotic division, a parent cell containing 8 chromosomes, will produce two daughter cells, each containing A. 2 chromosomes B. 4 chromosomes C. 6 chromosomes D. 8 chromosomes 7. True / False: ___As a cell grows, it has less trouble moving materials across its cell membrane ___As a cell grows, it places more demand on its DNA ___As a cell grows, it uses up less food and oxygen more quickly 8. From the list below, circle all of the correct reasons why a cell might go through mitosis: For growth For sexual reproduction For asexual reproduction To repair damaged cells 9. Wayne was studying mitosis in biology class when he came across this question on his worksheet:

If a cell has 10 chromosomes before mitosis, how many chromosomes does each daughter cell have after mitosis is complete?

Wayne knows that during mitosis the cell divides in two, so he decides each cell must have only 5 chromosomes after mitosis is complete. Explain to Wayne why he is incorrect.

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