Upload
reanna-summer
View
224
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Unit 4: Antebellum America
George Inness, Lackawanna Valley
Transformation and Reform
How can technological and economic innovations affect
the political and social attitudes of the people?
Antebellum (Pre-Civil War) America
• Three main areas of focus:
• Economic: Market Revolution
• Politics: Jacksonian Democracy
• Society: Social and Religious Reforms
The Market Revolution• Comprised of a series of innovations in
technology and transportation
• Two revolutions:
• Industrial
• Transportation
Industrial Revolution
http://www.history.com/videos/the-industrial-revolition#the-industrial-revolition
Industrial Revolution
• Occurred in America from 1814-1860.
• Advancements in Textiles, Railroads, Iron, Coal (steam power)--TRIC
• Shift from artisan work to factory work
• Spurred economic growth as it became easier to produce things on a mass scale
Industrial Revolution
• Textile Industry sparked Industrial Revolution in the U.S. (during War of 1812)
• President Jefferson’s Embargo Act (1807) and subsequent War of 1812 (1812-1815) dramatically decreased U.S. imports
• 1814, Francis Cabot Lowell built first dual-purpose textile plant at Waltham, Mass.
• Significance: Change from manufacturing at home to factories.
Inventions• Eli Whitney, Cotton Gin, 1793
• Cotton production became highly profitable
• "King Cotton" emerged in the South
• Slavery, which had been dying out, saw a dramatic increase
• By 1798: introduced principle of interchangeable parts
Inventions
• Samuel Slater, "Father of the Factory System", 1791
• Built first efficient cotton-spinning machine "spinning jenny" in America
• Developed a factory system to mass produce textiles
Inventions
Samuel F. B. Morse, Telegraph, 1844Eventually provided instant communication across large distances.Significantly influenced business in the following decades
Inventions• Elias Howe, Sewing
Machine, 1846
• Significance: Manufacturing of clothing went from the home to the factory.
• Isaac Singer developed the machine further
Industrial North
• Why did New England become center of the Industrial Revolution?
• Rocky soil discouraged cash-crop farming; manufacturing more attractive.
• Large amount of labor available.
• Shipping brought in capital while seaports made easy imports and exports.
• Rapid rivers provided water power.
Agrarian South
Why didn’t the South industrialize?
Capital resources tied up in slaves.
Local consumers mostly poor, could not afford most finished products.
By 1850, industrial output exceeded agricultural output in America
Write, Pair Share
What predictions can you make about the different economies in
the North and South?
Jot down a few predictions.
Share with a partner.
Transportation Revolution
• Transportation conditions prior to the transportation revolution were very poor
• Roads were bad much of the year: dusty in summer; muddy during rainy season.
• It cost more to haul a ton of goods 9 miles inland from the ocean than to transport it from Europe.
• Rivers ran mostly north and south; east-west travel often impossible for freight.
Transportation Revolution
• Turnpikes (Toll Roads)
• Cumberland (National) Road
• By 1852, linked Cumberland in western Maryland to Vandalia in Illinois
• Became vital highway to the west
Transportation Revolution
• Steamboats
• Robert Fulton: employed a steam engine on the Clermont in 1807
• Significance: Changed all of America's navigable streams into 2-way arteries.
Transportation Revolution
• Canals
• Erie Canal (completed in 1825) in upstate New York--longest at this point
• Significance: Shipping costs and times greatly reduced; creation of new cities
Transportation Revolution
• Railroads
• Most significant aspect of the Transportation Revolution.
• Fast, reliable, cheaper than canals to construct; all-weather transportation through nearly all terrain.
Transportation Revolution
• Prime motive: desire of the East to tap the resources of the West
• Significance:
• Created a national market economy.
• Created regional specialization: west = grain; east = industry; south = cotton
• Facilitated movement of America’s population westward
Exit Ticket
• Write two truths and a lie about what you have learned today on one side of the notecard.
• Write the answer (the lie) on the back.
• Turn in to Mrs. V. M.