Unit 4 - A New NationTest Day: October 20th & October 21st

When you are done with your test...

▸ Before test: turn in study guides to me

▸ Turn test booklet/scantron/short answer to front table → follow the sticky notes!

▸ Pick up:▹ Unit 4 Outline▹ Unit 4 reading (HW if not completed

after test) and begin working on this → use book

Day 1: Washington Administration

October 24th & 25th

Warm Up

▸ Turn in Homework to front table for HW grade

▸ Work on WarmUp/Exit Ticket Unit 4 Day 1

George Washington’s Presidency

▸ Years: 1789-1797▸ Inauguration Clip:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lD7b7repoRM

Events at Home

1. Washington’s Cabinet: Creation of Three Executive Departmentsa. State: foreign affairs… headed by Thomas

Jeffersonb. Treasury: money… headed by Alexander

Hamiltonc. War: defense… headed by

Henry Knox

Cabinet Battle #1 → preview of tension!

Events at Home

2. Judiciary Act of 1789 created the Supreme Court and other Federal Courts

Even More Events at Home

3. Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan

- Created protective tariffs to promote industry- Tariffs are taxes added onto goods

imported into a country- Protective tariff: tax that establishes the

cost of a foreign import higher than the cost of the domestic (U.S.) good

- Established the National Bank to provide the nation with stable currency

- Created an excise tax on whiskey to raise revenue ($$$$)

One last Event At Home...

4. Whiskey Rebellion

- Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the federal excise tax on whiskey and attacked tax collectors

- Washington made 15,000 militia men into federal troops and put down the rebellion

- As a result… the Federal government showed its new power

- Does this remind you of an event that showed the Federal government was weak???

Foreign Affairs

1. Neutrality Act of 1793

- The United States would not get involved in a war between the French and the British

- BUT = Jay’s Treaty → settled some differences with Britain, pro-British

Another Event at Home (but the last one)

2. Washington’s Farewell Address (1797)

- George Washington’s final advice to the United States was that the US should

a) be neutral

b) remain united

c) avoid permanent alliances

d) not have political parties

What were the major Federalist Policies that led TJ and Madison to create the first opposition party… the Democratic-Republicans?

- Hamilton’s Bank of the US → Dinner Smackdown- The sort-of war with France (XYZ Affair clip)- The Jay Treaty → VERY PRO-BRITISH

John Adam’s Presidency

Adams’s Presidency (1797-1801)

In the election of 1796, John Adams defeated Thomas Jefferson for the presidency, and Jefferson became the vice-president

Imagine if one of the current Presidential Candidates who

lost became the VP?

Adams Had Some Issues...

1. Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)- The President could imprison or deport aliens

(citizens of other countries)- People who write anything of “a scandalous

and malicious nature” against the government could be imprisoned

- … could you imagine if we had this today with the current media & politics???

- This was used to silence the critics of the Federalist party… that is the Democratic-Republicans

Adams had some more Issues...

2. The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves

- Virginia and Kentucky declare the Alien & Sedition Acts “null” because the violated the Bill of Rights

- But… guess who wrote them??

- TJ & Madison!

You’re gone before we knew you...- Election of 1800 propaganda

and Hamilton clip- John Adams (Federalist)

versus Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican)

*The Election of 1800, won by Jefferson, was the first presidential election in which power was peacefully transferred from one party to another!

Jefferson as President

▸ Democratic-Republican▹ Small government▹ Pays off debt

▸ BUT when opportunity knocks…▹ Louisiana Purchase in 1803▹ 3 cents an acre!▹ Doubled the size of the United States

overnight▹ Explorers: Lewis & Clark▹ Shoshone guide: Sacajawea

Day 2: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe

October 26th & 27th

WarmUp

- Pick up papers from Front Table- LOOK & TAKE WITH YOU your WarmUp from Day

1 in your FOLDER- Begin working on WarmUp Day 2

Warm Up Discussion1. What was TJ’s party?

a. Democratic-Republicans2. Which party did farmers and

Southerners generally support?a. DRs

3. Why did Jefferson form an opposition party?a. Pro-Frenchb. Help with Agriculture → feared

Hamilton’s pro-business attitudec. Strict constructionist of Constitution &

weak Nat. Govt → feared Hamilton’s BANK

Current Event Similarity

- Watch this clip:https://www.facebook.com/nbcnightlynews/videos/10154612074923689/

- How does it compare to Washington’s farewell address and how he warned Americans...

Back to Unit 3 & Short Answers

Individual Task:

- Read through the 3 examples- Grade them using the rubric provided- Provide your explanation of the scores

*We will discuss these! You will not take these test examples outside of the classroom

So… what makes a good historical written response?

Characteristics:

-

Nationalism: Caring about the Whole Country… not just your part/region!

▸ So we’ve created a country & a government… now what?

▸ How will be grow?▸ What’s our role in the world?▸ How will federalism actually work in

practice?▸ Who gets to participate?

These questions will be answered throughout this unit!

Early Accomplishments of TJ - gets rid of most of Adams policies▸ Lets the Alien & Sedition

Acts expire▸ Cuts all internal taxes▸ Uses tariffs and sales of

Western land to reduce the National Debt▹ A tariff is a tax on goods coming

into/imports a country▹ Technically, it could be argued

that they restrict trade because goods are more expensive to consumers (people in US)

The Barbary Wars

▸ Barbary Pirates from North Africa attack US ships & demand tributes

▸ Jefferson sent the USS Constitution & orders a blockade

▸ The pirates sign a treaty which ends all tribute payments

The Louisiana Purchase - TedEd Clip

▸ France owns the land but Napoleon is broke and wants to sell it

▸ Jefferson is not sure the Constitution allows him to buy land… but it’s such a great deal!▹ Is he a true Democratic-Republican???

▸ He uses his treaty-making power to buy it for $15 million in 1803 - DOUBLES the size of the US!

Lewis & Clark Expedition

▸ TJ ordered Lewis & Clark to explore territory west of the Mississippi - all the way to the Pacific Ocean

▸ Sacagawea hired as a guide & translator▸ They reach the Pacific in Nov. 1805▸ Opens the way to settlement & claim on

Oregon Territory▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NB1GQRVG

9Fc

Well… what do we remember about TJ’s Philosophy (Democratic-Republican)?

▸ What do we know about Jefferson?▹ Feelings about Government▹ Feelings about Hamilton & the Bank in 1790?▹ Strict or loose constructionist/believer of the

Constitution?▸ BUT… what did he do when he was sworn in as 3rd Pres

in 1801?▹ Bought the Louisiana Territory from the French▹ Was this explicitly stated in the Constitution?▹ HOW did TJ justify this?

Purchase Activity...

Was the Louisiana Purchase a bargain or burden?

- 4 Groups total- Complete the Document Analysis and fill in

Graphic Organizer- Brainstorm on white sheet of paper as group

- Picture (with color)- 15-word summary- Key words

- Mini-presentations… will extend to next class if needed

Group 1: Jeffersonian Philosophy

1. What was your primary document?2. What was the summary of your

document?3. What is the significance of your

Group Topic?4. How does it relate to the Louisiana

Purchase?

Group 2: Significance of Louisiana

1. What was your primary document?2. What was the summary of your

document?3. What is the significance of your Group

Topic?4. How does it relate to the Louisiana

Purchase?

Group 3: Constitutionality of the Purchase

1. What was your primary document?2. What was the summary of your

document?3. What is the significance of your Group

Topic?4. How does it relate to the Louisiana

Purchase?

Group 4: Impact on Native Americans

1. What was your primary document?2. What was the summary of your

document?3. What is the significance of your

Group Topic?4. How does it relate to the Louisiana

Purchase?

So was the Louisiana Purchase a bargain or a burden?

- Discuss with your groups for 1 minute- Continuum

- Left side = bargain- Right side = burden- Middle = maybe a little bit of both?

Day 3: War of 1812October 28th/31st

WarmUp

▸ Finish your Louisiana Purchase Posters▸ You will be presenting them to the class!

▹ Pick 2 representatives to discuss your posters

Isn’t life ok with Westward Movement??

Yes… kind of, but let’s look abroad today and skip forward to James Madison’s Presidency

Another war? http://www.collegehumor.com.au/video/6583679/the-war-of-1812-the-movie/

Causes of the War of 1812

1. Neutrality- America tried to stay

out of European wars…- Remember

Washington’s Farewell address?

- BUT England & France did not like this

Causes of the War of 1812

2. Impressment

- The British were stopping American ships and forcing American sailors into the British navy

Causes of the War of 1812

3. Harassment

- Of American merchant ships at sea → seizing ships and taking their cargo

Causes of the War of 1812

4. America was moving west → and having Native American Problems

5. British were still in the Northwest supporting the Native Americans to fight the US… this was a matter of national pride

*War Hawks: pressure Madison to declare war

Supporters for War

▸ In June 1812, President James Madison asks Congress for a Declaration of War

Opponents of the War

▸ Federalists opposed Madison’s war resolution because they wanted to trade with Britain

▸ They talked of secession (leaving the Union/country)

▸ Proposed constitutional amendments that were not acted upon to weaken the Southern and Western States

The War...

Three “theaters” of War

1. At Sea2. United States - Canadian border3. Southern United States and Gulf Coast

The Battle of York

▸ US win victory in York (present day Toronto)

▸ Troops loot and burn the fort and town (the capital city)

The Burning of Washington D.C.

▸ British capture DC in August 1814▸ Set fire to the Presidential mansion &

Capitol▸ Madison escaped to VA & Dolley

Madison saves many valuables

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1Jhpesv1JQ (from 4:50)

The Battle of Fort McHenry

▸ British advance to Baltimore▸ They bombard Ft. McHenry in Sept. 1814▸ Francis Scott Key witnesses the attack & his

poem about it becomes our national Anthem▸ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiVryYnz

mdI - Smithsonian ▸ http://holyjoe.org/poetry/key.htm - Poem

The Treaty of Ghent

After battles across all of North America, a treaty is negotiated in December 1814

The Battle of New Orleans

▸ Word of the Treaty has not yet reached New Orleans… remember, no texting/email/snapchat!

▸ In Jan. 1815, General Andrew Jackson decisively defeats the invading British

▸ Makes Andrew Jackson a national hero

Effects of War▸ The war ends with neither

side gaining or losing territory - no real change

▸ Feelings of American Nationalism▹ Pride in the U.S.

▸ The downfall of the Federalists▹ Only Republicans

remain▸ US claim to Oregon

Territory, and more settlers in Florida

Effects of War

▸ Judicial Nationalism through Chief Justice John Marshall

▸ Court establishes the power of judicial review to check the other two in Marbury v. Madison

▸ McCulloch v. Maryland - establishes the supremacy of the national government over the states

Effects of War

▸ Economic Nationalism through Henry Clay’s American System to unite the country

▸ 3 parts▹ A Protectionist Tariff▹ 2nd National Bank▹ Internal improvements

(roads, canals, railroads)

Effects of War

▸ US increased its stature in the world

▸ Monroe Doctrine asserts US role in Western Hemisphere

▸ Adams-Onis Treaty with Spain brings Florida into the US

Complete Exit Ticket

Predict: How will the Monroe Doctrine relate to the sense of nationalism during the Young Nation time period?

Time Allows...

Complete a War of 1812 BUMPER STICKER

- Clear on if you support the war or not- A slogan and picture- On the back: reason why or why you do not

support the war using historical support!

Day 4: Monroe Doctrine & Marshall Court

November 1st/2nd

Monroe & Foreign Policy

▸ Nationalism was a priority for the growing US after the War of 1812

▸ The Federalists had opposed the War of 1812. After the war, they became so unpopular that they disappeared!

▸ James Monroe was elected president in 1816▸ New political parties would come soon, but for

a while, everyone was a Republican▹ This was called The Era of Good Feelings,

without opposition, Monroe got a lot done!

More about Monroe...

▸ President Monroe signed a treaty with Britain to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory

▸ This would keep Russia and Spain out!

▸ It would also give the US a claim on the Pacific Coast

Nationalism Shapes Foreign Policy

▸ Relations with Spain (1817 - Florida belonged to Spain)

▸ United States sent Andrew Jackson and a small army down to the Georgia-Florida border to stop the Indian & outlaw raids

▸ Jackson is NOT supposed to attack the Spanish… so, he invaded Florida

▸ Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain gave up on Florida for $5 million and a US promise to stay out of Texas

Political Cartoon - Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine

▸ Other European powers were planning to (re)take their colonies in the Caribbean and Latin America

▸ In his 1923 address to Congress, Monroe made it clear to Europe:▹ DO NOT MESS WITH THE WESTERN

HEMISPHERE▹ This is known as the Monroe Doctrine

The Marshall Court (Judicial Nationalism)

Judicial Nationalism: The Marshall Court

▸ Chief Justice Marshall was a Federalist and believed in a strong central government

▸ Marshall sets several legal precedents that strengthened the power of the Supreme Court as an equal branch of government

Judicial Nationalism: The M&M Cases▸ Marbury v. Madison

▹ Established the principle of Judicial Review - the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional

▸ McCulloch v. Maryland▹ Established the principle of Implied Powers

- the ability of the Supreme Court to determine national powers that aren’t in the Constitution, and to say that states can’t overrule national laws

▸ Gibbons v. Ogden▹ Said that the national government controls

commerce between states

Historical Cases in Greater Detail...

Marbury v. Madison

▸ The Midnight Judges▸ Can Congress tell the

Court to enforce a duty of the executive branch?

▸ The first time a law is declared unconstitutional!

Judicial Review

▸ The power of the Courts to review laws of Congress and decide whether they are constitutional

Historical Cases in Greater Detail...

McCullough v. Maryland

▸ Maryland wanted to tax a branch of the National Bank (that was located in Maryland)

▸ Does the Constitution even allow a National Bank at all?

▸ States can’t be more powerful than the national government

▸ Implied Powers - the Courts can interpret the Constitution to say what the government can and can’t do

Historical Cases in Greater Detail...

Gibbons v Ogden

▸ Who gets to control the ferry business between NY & NJ?

▸ Each state wanted control

Federal control of Interstate Commerce

▸ The national government has the final say in regulating commerce between the states

The Marshall Court

▸ The Marshall Court set the foundation of the Supreme Court’s authority to solve disagreements between▹ Branches of governments▹ Levels of governments▹ And competing business interests

Day 5: Jackson (Hero or Villain?)

November 3rd/4th

The Age of Jackson

Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828, brought in a new era of popular democracy

Andrew Jackson: Hero or Villain?

▸ Born in 1767 in NC▸ Orphaned at 13 - no formal education▸ Emotional, Arrogant, and Passionate

▹ Always ready to duel▸ Defeated the Creeks at Horseshoe Bend in

1814 & the British at New Orleans in 1815▸ Took Florida and claimed it for the US in

1819▸ Loved by his soldiers who called him “Old

Hickory”▸ Distrusted the rich and powerful

The Election of 1824: “The Corrupt Bargain”

▸ Jackson ran in a 4-way race for President in 1824 (all the same party! → remind you of this year’s Rep primary???)

▸ Even though Jackson won the popular vote, he didn’t receive a majority of electoral votes

▸ Henry Clay gives his support to JQ Adams and the House of Representatives chooses Adams as President

▸ Adams names Clay Secretary of State 2 weeks later… hmm….

▸ AJ is furious: The Corrupt Bargain▸ AJ Publicly supports changes in state

laws about who can vote

Result: 3 times as many people vote & Andrew Jackson wins

Election of Andrew Jackson▸ Jackson, a hero of the common

man, won election in 1828 in part because the right to vote had been expanded to more citizens

▸ In the 1824 election, won by JQA, 350,000 white males voted

▸ In 1828, over 1,000,000 white males voted in the nastiest campaign ever ▹ Comparing it to this year’s

election?▸ Many of the new voters

supported Jackson who also won re-election in 1832

Jacksonian Democracy

▸ As part of his political philosophy, Jackson sought to grant political power to the common people: Age of the Common Man

▸ Jackson rewarded his own supporters with government jobs → this is called The Spoils System

▸ Jackson gave away many jobs to his friends and political allies and fired the rich and powerful elites

“The age of the common man” was characterized by...

▸ Heightened emphasis on equality in the political process for adult white males (rich white guys)

▸ The rise of interest groups politics and sectional issues

▸ A changing style of campaigning - political parties tried to appeal to “folks” (free food, ads, campaigns)

▸ Increased voter participation

Politics started to look like what we know today. Do you think these changes were good or bad for the nation?

Indian Removal Act - 1830▸ Jackson’s Native American Policy

▹ Indian Removal Act of 1830 - Forced resettlement of Native Americans (Cherokee and others) from their homes in the Southeast to Oklahoma and lands west of the Mississippi River

▹ Bureau of Indian Affairs created to oversee resettlement

▹ Many forced onto reservations▸ The Cherokee claimed the relocation was wrong and

it went to the supreme court▹ Marshall ruled in favor of the Cherokee Tribe

▸ Jackson’s response: “Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it”

Forced relocation of the Cherokee Tribe. Before the journey was over ¼ of the tribe perished

- Reflected Jackson’s personal apathy toward Native Americans (he didn’t care)

Tariff of “Abomination”

▸ In 1824 and again in 1828, Congress increased the Import Tariff▹ What is a tariff again?

▸ Southerners called the 1828 Tariff, “a Tariff of Abominations”, and blamed it for economic problems in the South

Nullification Threat▸ In an attempt to avoid paying the

tariff, John Calhoun (Jackson’s VP from SC), developed the Theory of Nullification

▸ South Carolinians argued that states could nullify the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress if they found them to be unconstitutional. Nullification would make the law void within the state

▸ Jackson threatened to send federal troops to SC

▸ Haven’t we heard of this before?

Jackson’s Bank War▸ Jackson opposed the National

Bank - run by the rich and powerful

▸ He vetoed its charter and withdrew all the federal $$$▹ He created Pet Banks run

by Democrats and his friends

▸ Many felt Jackson was acting more like a King than a president

▸ His opponents formed a new party → The Whigs

▸ Pet Banks led to depression

Jackson’s Legacy: Hero or Villain?

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/history-vs-andrew-jackson-james-fester

History Channel Video about $20

Will it be a woman?

Hero or Villain?