Unit 4-3The Struggle

for PowerKings vs. Popes

I. Catholic ReformsA. Between 500 & 1000 the Catholic Church became corruptB. Reforms were instituted btwn 1000 & 1300 to purify the Church

1. Priests denied the right to marry2. Ended simony – the buying and selling of Church offices3. Ended lay investiture-Kings appointing Church officials

a. Henry IV of Germany refused to obey the changes

b. Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry

c. Bishops appointed by Henry chose to obey the Pope

d. Henry traveled to Rome to beg for forgiveness

II. The Structure of the ChurchA. The Church resembled a kingdom

1. Popes served as kings2. Bishops and Cardinals as Nobles3. Priests, Friars, and monks as peasants

B. The Church ran a system of courts based on canon law

C. The Church also collected taxes in the form of tithes

D. The Inquisition served as the Church’s military1. Stopped the spread of

heresy through violence

E. Gothic cathedrals became the castles of the church

III. Monarchs Strengthened their PowerA. English Monarchs

1. William the Conquerora. William defeated Harold

Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in 1066

b. The French Duke of Normandy was now King of England

c. William redistributed all of the English land to his vassals

d. Appointed Norman Bishopse. England became the most

centralized European kingdom

You Tube - The Bayeux TapestryRecords the Story of Williams Victory at Hastings

2. Henry IIa. Introduced the use

of jury trialsb. Over the centuries a

code of laws was built case by case, this became known as English Common Law

B. French Monarchs1. Hugh Capet est. the

Capetian Dynasty in 987

2. Capetian kings ruled peacefully for 200 years

3. Allowed Paris to dominate trade and unite France

C. Phillip IV of France 1. Attempted to tax the Church

a. Pope Boniface VIII declared Pope’s power supremeb. Phillip kidnapped Boniface; he dies from the ordealc. Persuades cardinals to elect Clement V Poped. Clement moves the Church from Rome to Avignon

i. Results in two Popes – The Great Schismii. Conflict resolved in 1417 – Martin V chosen as the one

true Pope

D. German Monarchs1. Otto I used his power

to dominate the Churcha. Defended the Pope

and was rewarded by being crowned Holy Roman Emperor

b. Italians feared being ruled by Germans

2. Frederick Barbarossaa. Invaded Italy several

timesb. The Pope united with

the Lombards to defeat Fred.

c. Germany became divided amongst many princes

IV. The Revival of LearningA. As trade spread literacy grew

1. Universities were built in Paris and Bologna2. Lost works of the Greeks were rediscovered3. Poems written to stress Chivalry

a. Results in the idea of Romantic Love