UNIT 32 - esec.edu.pe

PREMIUM ENGLISH PROGRAM 17

ADVANCED

UNIT 32

- Discussion

- Listening

• SPEAK UP

• READING COMPREHENSION: Fear of missing out

- Debate

- Matching Expressions

• ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Dependent or Subordinated Clauses, Clauses Connectors.

• GRAMMAR DEVELOPMENT


Unit 32Unit 32

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2. These days, a career or business strategy can become outmoded in a matter of few years. How to stop worrying about it? Discuss with your classmates about this topic.

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READING COMPREHENSION:

1. You will now listen an interview to a business man talking about his schedule, listen carefully and write true or false.

LISTENING

a. Not being subscribed to industry newsletter its important . ______

Discussion:

c. Monthly meetups creates opportunities to forge new connections. ______

d. Reading the writer feed is a waste of time. ______

b. SmartBrief is an excellent industry newsletter that has really long and extensive news. ______

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3. Listen and complete the missing words.

Fear of missing outFear of missing outFear of missing out

SPEAK UPSPEAK UPSPEAK UP

PREMIUM ENGLISH PROGRAM

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In case you missed it, “FOMO” is now _______ part of the English language. The “fear of

missing out” is now listed in the Oxford Dictionary, which describes it as the anxiety that an

exciting or interesting event may currently be _______ elsewhere, often aroused by posts seen on

a social media website.

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As organizations, we´re afraid that our industries will be disrupted or our companies will cease to

be competitive. _________ surveyed by IMD believe that 40% of the incumbents in each

industry will be displaced by digital disruption in the next five years.

4. Answer the following questions.

Perhaps FOMO has become a contemporary problem because things are moving so much faster.

As ________ we are afraid of being left behind in our careers. A recent survey by Oxford

Economics found that the top concern among employees is that their position might change or

become_______. Half believe that their current skills won´t be needed in three years. And this

fear has spread to the C- suite: A study by Adobe found that 40% of marketing _______ feel the

need to reinvent themselves, but only 14% feel they know how.

b. How can I get over the fear of missing out?

d. How can leaders buck the trend of short-lived companies and build one that lasts?

How to stop worrying about missing out on an event you saw on social media and start

making sure you won't become obsolete at work.

There are good reasons to be _______. The life span of a company on the Standard & Poor's 500

index has decreased from sixty-one years in 1958 to eighteen years today. It is_________ that

one-third of jobs will be replaced by software, robots, and smart machines by 2025. Productivity

is rising, but jobs and _______haven´t kept up.

c. What does FOBO mean?

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Perhaps we should apply a variation FOMO when it comes to our companies and careers:

“FOBO,” or the “fear of becoming obsolete.” The dictionary definition might be “anxiety that the

world is changing so rapidly that our careers and companies will be left behind.” This social

_______ is characterized by “a desire to stay continually connected with what others are doing.

a. What causes Fear of Missing Out?

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a. The right strategic vision is critical.

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h. Control growth.

5. Express your opinions and discuss about them.

How can business leaders avoid this trend, and build a company that will last for

generations? How can professionals avoid this trend and maintain a successful career?

DEBATE

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6. Choose the best techniques which can help executives and entrepreneurs to achieve

long term success.

b. Adapt to changing circumstances.

c. Expert communication skills.

d. Deep knowledge and passion for their subject matter.

e. Engage in ongoing planning with a realistic vision.

g. Friendliness and approachability.

f. Establish a realistic vision of the future.

MATCHING EXPRESSIONS

7. Match the following expressions with the appropriate definition.

j. Use disciplined approaches to develop leadership and executive skills

1. Disruption a. A company engaged in or that is about to become engaged

in the development, production or sale of any product,

process or service.

k. Maintain motivation.

2. Competitive b. Put something in a different place from where it should be.

3. Displaced c. Unable to pay what you owe, and having had control of

your financial matters given, by a law court, to a person

who sells your property to pay your debts.

4. Life span d. The life expectancy of companies.

5. Bankrupt e. Disturbance or problems which interrupt an event, or

process.

i. Good personality.

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PREMIUM ENGLISH PROGRAM22

ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONADDITIONAL INFORMATIONADDITIONAL INFORMATION

While others employ the broader term “management”.

who provide direction to front-line managers .

SUBORDINATOR + SUBJECT + VERB (+ COMPLEMENT)

Examples:

SUBORDINATINGCONJUNCTION (Subordinator)

COORDINATING CONJUNCTION

(COORDINATORS)

CONJUNCTIVEADVERBS

This kind of clauses begin with a subordinator such as; when, while, if, that, or who. It does not

express a complete thought so it is not a sentence and cannot stand alone.

DEPENDENT OR SUBORDINATED CLAUSES

CLAUSES CONNECTORS

As it was explained on the last unit, there are three groups of words that we can use to connect

clauses in order to form different kinds of sentences.

There are four different kinds of sentences: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex

sentences. The kind of sentence is determined by the kind of clauses used to form it.

TYPES OF SENTENCES

The baby cried at night.

1. SIMPLE SENTENCE. They basically contain

• One subject and one verb:

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• Or two subjects and a verb.

3. COMPLEX SENTENCES.

Jack and Jill watched TV.

• Or two subjects and two verbs

Jack not only ran way, but he also cried.

• Or one subject and two verbs:

Sheila took a shower and had breakfast.

Jack and Jill watched TV and ate some pizza.

2. COMPOUND SENTENCE

• Joined with coordinating conjunctions:

Independent Independent

• Joined with correlative conjunctions:

• Joined with semicolon:

Jack ran way; Jill stayed.

• Joined with semicolon and a conjunctive adverb.

Jack ran way; however, Jill stayed.

independent dependent • She went out even though it was raining.

Jack ran way, but Jill stayed.

COMPLEX SIMPLE

With subordinators (subordinating conjunctions)

• If you don´t leave now, I´ll call the police.

• The teacher who taught me history 101 is there.

4. COMPOUND - COMPLEX SENTENCES: 2 types COMPLEX + COMPOUND.

COMPLEX COMPOUND

• He left the office after finishing his work.

With relative pronouns (who, which, that, etc)

• I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry, so I went to a restaurant.

• I ate a lot when I got home, but I was still hungry

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PREMIUM ENGLISH PROGRAM24

PURPOSE

In order toSo that

CONCESSION

AlthoughThoughEven though

whereasWhile

WheneverWhen

After

WhileAs soon as

TIME

AsBecause

since

REASON PLACE

Where

WhereverAnywhere

Everywhere

As + adverb + as

DISTANCE / FREQUENCY MANNER

AsAs ifAs though

CONDITION

UnlessIf

As

Until

Since

Before

There are three main types of dependent clauses: A dependent clause is often marked by a

dependent marker word “clause connector”

a. Adverb Clauses

It is used to modify the verb of the independent clause and give information about; when

(time) where (place), why (reason), for what purpose, how, how long or how far.

TYPES OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (ADVERB CLAUSES)

TYPES OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

This types of dependent clauses act as adverbs and tell us something about the

information that is in the main (independent) clause.

• The first American thanksgiving feast, , lasted three days.which took place in 1621

b. Relative Clauses

A relative clause begins with a relative pronoun or a relative adverb.

A relative clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adjective. It modifies a noun or

pronoun. For this reason , relative clauses are also called adjective clauses.

(Noun phrase = antecedent) ( relative clause) circunstancial of time

Modifies thenoun phrase

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RESTRICTIVE NON-RESTRICTIVE

WHO (SUBJECT) PEOPLEThe man who visited me ismy cousin.

Mary Smith, who came here yesterday, works in a bank.

WHOM (OBJECT) PEOPLEMy father asked Mary whom she believed to be her farmerstudent.

WHOSE POSSESSIONThe student whose car is here will get a ticket.

Mrs. Jones, whose walletwas stolen, came to see me.

WHICH THINGSThe car which I drive is old.The car I drive is really old (here pronoun is omitted)

Pizza, which I really enjoy,is my favorite dish.

THAT (ONLY IN RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES)

THINGS ANDPEOPLE

The people that I met at the party are from France. X

WHERE I visited a place wherepeople are very friendly.

This winter I will visitFrance, where Mary lives.

WHEN That was the day when I meta very important person. X

WHY Do you know the reason why classes have been cancelled?

X

Can you recall if you picked up my wallet?

Example:

Example:

I´m not sure where he went.

c. Noun Clauses

• Everyone who studied for the exam passed it easily.

Place a relative clause after its antecedent and as close to it as possible to avoid confusion.

Corrected: He left the gift that he had just bought in his friend´s car.

Confusing: He left the gift in his friend`s car that he had just bought.

(the relative clause clearly modifies gift)

Position of Relative Clauses:

• Manuel was visited by a friend who was touring the country.from San Juan

• Try to write a sentence on your own that contains a relative clause.

This type of dependent clause is used in two ways.

• Using question word conjunction: where, what, when

Occasionally, a prepositional phrase comes between the antecedent and the relative clause.

They don´t know when they will arrive.

• Using “if “and “whether” to create implicit questions.

Example:

I'm wondering whether I should go or not.

The noun clause usually follows the main independent clause.

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Dependent or Independent ClauseReinforcement 1

Write I next to the independent clause and a D next to the dependent one.

1. ______ Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an

organization.

4. ______ who provides direction to front-line managers.

6. ______ because management is an essential function to improve.

2. ______ who manages an organization.

5. ______ but management and marketing are general understood.

3. ______ who aim to become management specialists or experts, management

researchers, or professors.

GRAMMAR DEVELOPMENTGRAMMAR DEVELOPMENTGRAMMAR DEVELOPMENT

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Adverbial Time ClausesReinforcement 2

Add a time subordinator to the appropriate sentence in each pair to form an adverbial time clause.Write a new sentence by combining the adverbial clause with the independent clause.

1. Everyone should know what to do. An earthquake strikes.

4. You are sure the earthquake is over. You may begin to move around.

2. If you are inside, move away from windows, and get under a desk or table, or stand

at a doorway. You feel the floor begin to shake.

3. Try to stay calm. The earthquake is happening.

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Dependent or Independent ClauseReinforcement 4

Select the options that best describes the use of clauses in the following sentences.

1. I want to buy an ice cream cone; my favorite flavor is chocolate.

c. This sentence has two independent clauses.

a. This sentence has one independent clause.

b. This sentence has no independent clause.

a. The independent clause begins with the word “that”.

2. The cost of these alternative measures has not been assessed, but it is obvious that the approach selected in the decision would make it possible to achieve economies of scale.

b. This sentence has one independent clause.

c. The clause following “but” is a dependent clause.

a. This sentences has no independent clause.

b. This sentence has three independent clauses.

d. _________________________________________.

3. Whenever you change the theme, the new theme´s setting will be applied to your desktop.

c. The first clause is a dependent one and the second is a independent one.

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a. Underline the relative clause or clauses in each sentence.

b. In the parentheses, write R for a restrictive and NR for a Nonrestrictive clause.

c. Add commas to the nonrestrictive clauses.

1. ( ) The sun which in forty minutes can produce enough solar energy.

3. ( ) A medical computer is a machine that analyzes the results of laboratory tests and electrocardiograms.

4. ( ) Laser beams which are useful in both medicine and industry were first predicted in science fiction stories seventy-five years ago.

2. ( ) According to an article that appeared in Time magazine we are at the beginning of a medical computer revolution.

5. ( ) Physicians who feed patient symptoms into the computer receive a list of diseases that fit the symptoms of their patients.

Restrictive and Nonrestrictive ClausesReinforcement 3

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Unscramble the sentences. Add a complement if necessary.

Dependent vs Independent ClausesReinforcement 5

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2. Bankruptcy / competition / we / on / had / of / to / the / the / bank on.

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1. Impeach / the United States / in order to / of / the President.

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3. Possible / that / or / of / whenever / would like / risk / the / individual / the / to / could / know / patients / factors / impact / on / benefit / treatment / the.

4. Lackluster / company / 2012 / because / the / 2018 / of / management / the / of / from.

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Write an I next to the independent clauses and put a period (.) after them. Write a D nextto the dependent clauses.

Dependent vs Independent ClausesReinforcement 6

4. _____ Upon arriving, he or she should immediately go to bed

6. _____ Many travelers experience culture shock when

5. _____ When they come to the United States

3. _____ Although there is no sure way to prevent

1. _____ During long journeys through several time zones, the body´s inner clock is disrupted

2. _____ For some reason, to travel from the west to the east causes greater jet lag than travel from the east to the west.

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UNIT 32 - esec.edu.pe