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UNIT 3 GENETICS
LESSON #28: PROCESS OF MEIOSIS
Do you ever find it difficult to split a bill at a restaurant or to divide people into teams for
basketball?
Objective: Explain the process of meiosis.
Cells go through two rounds of division in meiosis.Main Idea #1
MEIOSIS IIMEIOSIS I
Meiosis (my-OH-sihs) is a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells.
Meiosis occurs in germ cells to produce gametes. This process is sometimes called a “reduction division” because it reduces a cell’s chromosome number by half. In cells undergoing meiosis, DNA is copied once but divided twice.
Meiosis make genetically unique haploid cells from a diploid cell. These haploid cells then undergo more processing in the ovaries or testes, finally forming mature gametes.
MITOSIS MEIOSIS
Produces genetically identical cells.
Produces genetically unique cells.
Results in diploidcells.
Results in haploid cells.
Takes place throughout an organism’s lifetime.
Takes place only at certain times in an organism’s life cycle.
Involved in asexual reproduction.
Involved in sexual reproduction.
? What is the major difference between metaphase I and metaphase II?
ü In metaphase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up at the equator. In metaphase II, the chromosomes are not paired up.
? Meiosis is often called reduction division. What is reduced in the first division?
ü The number of chromosomes in each cell.
? As a cell enters meiosis I, the cell contains _______ chromosomes, or ______ chromatids.
a. 46, 92b. 23, 46c. 46, 23d. 92, 46
ü A – 46, 92
? Each diploid human cell contains _______ pairs of homologous chromosomes.
a. 23b. 36c. 46d. 96
ü A. 23
? A reproductive cell containing 46 chromosomes will yield ______ cells with ______ chromosomes each after meiosis.
ü B. 4, 23
? True or False: As a cell exists meiosis I and prepares to enter meiosis II, the cell reproduces its DNA.
ü FALSE
Main Idea #2 Haploid cells develop into mature gametes.
Gametogenesis (guh-MEE-tuh-JEHN-ih-sihs) is the production of gametes.
The sperm cell, the male gamete, is much smaller than the egg cell, the female gamete.
• The sperm cell’s primary contribution to an embryo is DNA. The sperm cell loses cytoplasm, gains a tail & numerous mitochondria. It can then swim through the uterus and donate DNA to the egg.
• An egg not only gives its share of DNA to an embryo, but also contributes the organelles, molecular building blocks, and other materials an embryo needs to begin life.
