UNIT 3: CULTURETEST REVIEW

A repetitive act performed by an individual is a:A) custom.B) popular culture.C) habit.D) taboo.E) character trait.

C

In contrast to folk culture, popular culture is typical of large and:A) homogeneous groups.B) heterogeneous groups.C) groups living in isolated rural areas.D) groups that have little interaction with other groups.E) groups of specialists.

B

Typically, popular culture:A) originates in a number of locations at the same time.B) reflects the characteristics of a distinctive physical environment.C) experiences frequent changes over time.D) is practiced by small homogeneous groups.E) is practiced by small heterogeneous groups that become large homogeneous groups.

C

In recent decades, popular customs have most frequently originated in:A) more developed countries.B) less developed countries.C) formerly communist countries.D) countries with large rural populations.E) Latin America and Africa.

A

As components of group identity and cultural learning, folk customs usually originate from:A) the "discovery" of leisure time.B) the application of industrial technology.C) familiar events in daily life.D) a traumatic event unique to the history of a particular social group.E) global communications, such as television and the Internet.

C

The distribution of the subjects of art in the Himalayas shows how folk culturesA) always include paintings of religious subjects.B) are influenced by distinctive vegetation, climate, and religion.C) avoid painting animate objects.D) typically paint scenes of nature but not people.E) abandon customary forms as they engage in migration.

B

Cultural diversity is promoted by

A) the relative isolation of a group from others.

B) globalization.

C) the rapid movement of goods and services across borders.

D) expansion diffusion.

E) the connections between homogeneous groups.

A

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom is a

A) folk culture.

B) habit.

C) popular culture.

D) taboo.

E) tariff.

D

China produces a relatively large amount of pork compared to the countries of Southwestern Asia primarily because

A) Muslims have a taboo against pork consumption.

B) China's physical environment is less suitable to raising pigs.

C) China has more people than the countries of Southwest Asia.

D) rice is the main cereal grain grown in China.

E) southwestern Asia does not have enough water for pig farming.

A

Marriage dowries in India reflect

A) that some families value male children more.

B) a traditional folk custom.

C) a popular fad.

D) the value of women as mothers and wives.

E) that most families value female children more.

A

Many less developed countries fear the loss of folk culture because

A) they do not want to preserve traditional values.

B) Western perspectives may become more dominant.

C) popular culture devalues women.

D) they want to avoid political disputes.

E) Western clothing styles are less comfortable.

B

Which of the following statements reflects the environmental impact of culture?

A) Folk culture never causes environmental impacts while popular culture does.

B) Solid waste is the least visible of wastes generated from culture.

C) Popular culture may cause a rapid increase in demand for certain natural resources.

D) Environments are not affected by the level of pollution generated by human activity.

E) Folk culture does not affect the environment but popular culture does.

C

The main difference between languages in the same family, branch, or group is how

A) recently in time the languages were once the same.

B) closely the speakers of each language live to one other.

C) they correspond to the diffusion of free markets across much of the world.

D) similar the cultures of the speakers of each language are.

E) they all emerged at the same point in history, according to the Bible.

A

A group of languages that share a common origin but have since evolved into individual languages is a

A) dialect.

B) language branch.

C) language family.

D) language group.

E) language root.

B

LANGUAGE DIVISIONS

• Language Families= Trunk

• Language Branches= Large branches

• Language Groups= Small branches

• Languages= Leaves• Dialects

• Accents

The diagrams in this chapter show that the percentage of Sino-Tibetan speakers in the world is less than the percentage speaking ________ languages.

A) Austronesian

B) Indo-European

C) Dravidian

D) Altaic

E) Niger-Congo

B

Both the Angles and the Normans contributed to the development of the English language, because they

A) spoke ancient English languages.

B) invaded England.

C) spoke languages derived from Latin.

D) diffused English around the world.

E) agreed to divide Ireland from England.

B

Which of the following is not a Romance language?

A) Bulgarian

B) Italian

C) Portuguese

D) Spanish

E) French

A

The two most important languages in South America are

A) Dutch and English.

B) English and Spanish.

C) French and Spanish.

D) Portuguese and Spanish.

E) Creole and Portuguese.

D

The Kurgans

A) conquered much of East Asia several thousand years ago.

B) were a Germanic tribe that invaded England.

C) were herders from the steppes of Central Asia.

D) preserved Basque in present-day Spain.

E) were the earliest speakers of Sino-Caucasian, which they diffused through conquest.

C

KURGAN THEORY

• Marija Gimbutas argues that the first Proto-Indo-European speakers were the Kurgan people who lived between (present day) Russia and Kazakhstan.

• They were nomadic herders from Central Asia.

• Among the first people to domesticate horses and cattle.

• Migrated out and conquered with use or horses.

AGRICULTURE THEORY

With increased food supply and population, migration of speakers from the hearth of Indo-European languages into Europe

Migrated for better farmland.

Renfrew Hypothesis

Colin Renfrew's research constitutes much of the ________ Hypothesis.

A) Nomadic Herder

B) Kurgan Farmer

C) Nomadic Warrior

D) Agricultural Farmer

E) Silk Road Trader

D

According to the maps and diagrams in this chapter, the Germanic invaders of England included which groups or tribes?

A) Germans, Normans, and Danes

B) Brittans, Normans, and Welsh

C) Irish, Welsh, and English

D) Scots, Irish, and Welsh

E) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons

E

An isogloss is

A) a form of a language spoken in a local area.

B) a collection of unique words.

C) a boundary between language regions.

D) a blending of two language families.

E) a line that separates literary traditions.

C

The second-largest language family is

A) Indo-European.

B) Sino-Tibetan.

C) Afro-Asiatic.

D) Austronesian.

E) Dravidian.

B

Marija Gimbutas has contributed to the ________ Hypothesis.

A) Sedentary Archer

B) Nomadic Fisher

C) Nomadic Warrior

D) Sedentary Farmer

E) Sedentary Farmer-Warrior

C

The survival of any language relies on

A) rapid migration into other areas.

B) the efficient "corrections" of the global free market.

C) the political and military strength of its speakers.

D) the spread of its speakers' material culture.

E) the homogenization of its dialects.

C

In the following answer choices, the best example of a literary tradition is

A) the diffusion of television and radio broadcasts.

B) the religious rituals and traditions of ancient European civilizations.

C) the oral traditions of Australia's Aborigines that were passed down from generation to generation without the aid of writing.

D) the historical documents and religious texts of the ancient Maya that were partly destroyed by Spanish conquerors.

E) the variety of dialects in a language used in obscure examples of spoken poetry.

D

British and American English differ in all but which of the following?

A) alphabet

B) pronunciation

C) spelling

D) vocabulary

E) prevalent dialects

A

Chinese is traditionally written in the form of

A) a literary tradition.

B) a Latin alphabet.

C) ideograms.

D) Cantonese.

E) phonemes.

C

________ is to Canada as ________ is to the United States.

A) French; Spanish

B) English; French

C) French; English

D) Conflict over ethnicity; conflict over language

E) Alaska; Greenland

A

The belief in the existence of only one god is

A) animism.

B) atheism.

C) monotheism.

D) polytheism.

E) pagan.

C

A person attempting to detect ________ within forests and streams would likely be an animist.

A) physical markings

B) voices or personalities

C) inspiration for beautiful art

D) evidence of past missionary activities

E) inspiration for religious texts

B

The world's largest ethnic religion is

A) Confucianism.

B) Daoism.

C) Hinduism.

D) Shintoism.

E) Islam.

C

Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

A) having a Roman Catholic majority

B) having a Protestant majority

C) location relative to the Equator

D) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other.

E) Latin America has more Protestants, Jews, and Muslims.

A

The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in

A) Russia.

B) Italy.

C) Spain.

D) Russia and Spain but not Greece.

E) Greece and Germany but not Russia.

A

The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world population,

A) about half of the people are nonreligious.

B) there are more Muslims than Hindus.

C) there are more Catholics than Muslims.

D) there are more Muslims than Christians.

E) there are more Buddhists than Hindus.

B

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

A) branch.

B) denomination.

C) sect.

D) dialect.

E) family.

C

The world's largest universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism.

B) Christianity.

C) Hinduism.

D) Islam.

E) Shintoism.

B

The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is

A) Medina.

B) Eastern Orthodoxy.

C) Mecca.

D) Sunni.

E) Shiite.

E

Based on this map, we can surmise that a person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of

A) a Baptist church.

B) the Roman Catholic church.

C) an Eastern Orthodox church.

D) Judaism.

E) Islam.

ASurmise: Suppose that

something is true without having evidence to confirm it.

Hinduism's caste system

A) assigns everyone to a distinct class.

B) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken.

C) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book.

D) identifies a family's important deities.

E) is the basis for seasonal celebrations.

A

The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city

A) inside the walls.

B) inhabited by the lowest-income people.

C) where Jews were forced to live.

D) where most blacks lived.

E) where the untouchable caste lived.

C