Unit 3 - China

Zhou Dynasty and the Three Chinese Philosophies

Warm-Up

• 1. Silently enter class.

• 2. Copy homework into agenda.

• 3. Restroom/Water• 4. Complete quiz.

You need to use you maps….but not your notes!

China’s Geography Quiz

1. I am a mountain range which separates China from India.2. I am a desert separating China from the Huns.3. I am a river in northern China

where early civilization began.4. I am a man-made physical

feature which increases trade and wealth for China.

5. I am the sea that the Yangtze River empties into.

Warm-UpWhich of the following approaches do you think would be the most effective

in dealing with school violence such as fighting and bullying? Why?

Approach 1: Allow students guilty of fighting or bullying to go unpunished, hoping that they will eventually learn from their mistakes and correct heir behavior. Assign violent students a “big brother” or “big sister” who is a respected older student in another grade. The big brother or sister would teach the student how to behave properly.

Approach 2:Assign violent students a “big brother” or “big sister” who is a respected older student in another grade. The big brother or sister would teach the student how to behave properly.

Approach 3: Have school authorities publish the rules for unacceptable behavior and assign harsh punishments for violating those rules. For example, “students caught fighting will be expelled (kicked out of school)”.

Mandate of Heaven

• Dynasties were constantly overthrowing one another for control of China• To justify their conquest, leaders

claimed that they had been given the “Mandate of Heaven”, a divine right to rule, or the gods chose them to rule.

Rule for Mandate of Heaven

According to this belief:1. Heaven was a power that controlled human destiny. 2. The king was the son of Heaven. 3. As long as the king governed his people well, Heaven

gave him the right to rule. 4. If the king did not govern well, Heaven would send signs of

its displeasure, such as earthquakes and floods. 5. When the king lost the support of Heaven, others had the

right to overthrow him!

• Interesting!! What might this cause?

Three Thinkers Emerge to end the Chaos – wars, fights, etc.

ConfucianismDaoism or Taoism

Legalism

Use the chart below Confucianism Daoism Legalism

Founder

What is it?

Influence UponZhou Dynasty?

Saying

Confucianism – a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes proper behavior

Based on the teachings of Confucius (kuhn-FYOO-shuhs) = 551 to 479 BCE1. Confucius taught his followers that peace and order depended upon proper

behavior. 2. People should be respectful and loyal to their family members, honor their

ancestors. Fathers should display high moral values to inspire their families. Father in charge of wife and children.Children should respect and obey their parents. Brothers are in charge of their sisters.

3. Learning is a process that never ends.4. Leaders should be kind and lead by example. 5. The lower classes would learn by following the examples of their superiors.

****Respect for family, hard work and education*****

The Influence of Confucianism

1. Education – people were hired based on education and passing tests and not on wealth and power…..Education is valuable!

2. Culture - Values such as:respect for eldersproper behaviorlove of learning

Confucianism

• Confucius said to his followers: “The gentleman first practices what he preaches and then preaches what he practices.”

• Confucius said to his students: “Shall I teach you what knowledge is? When you know a thing, say that you know it; when you do not know a thing, admit you do not know it. That is knowledge.”

Daoism – a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes living in harmony with nature

Based on the teachings of Laozi (low-dzuh) = late 500s BCE1. Daoism takes its name from Dao (dow), or “the Way”. Daoism

stressed living in harmony with the Dao, the guiding force of all reality.

2. Hands off approach to ruling.3. People should avoid interfearing with nature or each other…be like

water and “let it flow”.4. The universe is a balance of opposites. Harmony could be reached

by balancing yin (night) and yang (light), the opposite forces of nature. Like – good and bad, pretty and ugly, pleasure and pain.

5. To gain harmony one needed to live a simple life of quiet meditation. People should accept whatever comes, like a blade of grass that bends when the breeze blows.

Influence of Daoism

1. Daoism encouraged rulers to govern less harshly.

2. But Daoism actually had more influence on Chinese thought, writing, and art.

Daoism

“If you do not want your house to be invaded by robbers,

Do not fill it with gold and jade.

Wealth, rank, and arrogance add up to ruin,

As surely as two and two are four.”

“When you are content to be simply yourself and don't compare or compete, everybody will respect you.”

Legalism – a Chinese philosophy that emphasizes strict obedience to laws.

Based on the teachings of Hanfeizi (hahn-fay-dzoo) = 280 to 233 BCE

1. Legalists believed that people were born bad by nature and needed to be controlled.

2. Rulers could create order in society only through strict laws and enforce them, either with rewards for good behavior or with harsh punishments for bad behavior.

3. Citizens should be held responsible for each others conduct. A guilty person’s relatives and neighbors should also be punished. Why?

Influence of Legalism

1. Rulers needed absolute or total power backed by a strong military.

2. Rulers should trust no one, not even their own families.

3. People were forbidden to criticize the government. Anyone caught doing so was severely punished. Many people were put to death for disloyalty and other crimes. Others were banished to the far north or imprisoned or tortured.

Legalism

“He who trusts others

will be controlled by others.”

Can you match the Chinese Philosophy?

Approach 1: Allow students guilty of fighting or bullying to go unpunished, hoping that they will eventually learn from their mistakes and correct heir behavior. Assign violent students a “big brother” or “big sister” who is a respected older student in another grade. The big brother or sister would teach the student how to behave properly.

Approach 2:Assign violent students a “big brother” or “big sister” who is a respected older student in another grade. The big brother or sister would teach the student how to behave properly.

Approach 3: Have school authorities publish the rules for unacceptable behavior and assign harsh punishments for violating those rules. For example, “students caught fighting will be expelled (kicked out of school)”.

Review and Discuss• 1. A student knows that they

are failing a class. The student knows they will be in trouble when their parents find out. How do they handle this situation?

• 2. A student's friend is smoking behind the school and is trying to get them to start. How do they handle this situation?

• 7. A student sees an opportunity to take something they have really wanted from the school store, without being caught. How should that student act?

• 1. Read the three scenarios on the left.

• 2. As a group determine how each philosophy would probably respond to the three situations.

• 3. Use the cards in the baggy to “put the puzzle together” on how the philosophies respond the scenarios.

To questions 1, 2, & 7 in handout above. Confucianism Daoism Legalism

1. Inform parents. Apologize for not living up to standards expected; promise to try and do better

1. Not worry about it and hope the problem will go away. (Taoists more probably would try to recognize why they are failing, and do something to change their behavior if it would make them happier.)

1. Inform parents, expect and accept punishment.

2. Inform whoever was smoking that their behavior was wrong, report this action to an adult, avoid these people until they corrected their wrong doing.

2. Announce pleasantly that smoking would make them unhappy because its bad for your health.

2. Inform an adult.

7. Would not take it. It's against the rules.

7. Would not take it. They would have feelings about it that might complicate their life.

7. Would not take it. It's against the law.

Think About This - A

• Think about the three Chinese Philosophies. Where in your life do you have these philosophies? What is the “thing”? What is the philosophy? Why? Prove it. Do you like it? What changes would you make to it? Why?

• Examples to help you think• At home The government You homework• A teacher’s classroom A t.v. show• Your sports team A video games Parents

Think About This - B

• Think about the three Chinese Philosophies. Pick something that one of the Chinese philosophies should be used to make it better. What is the thing? What is it like? What is the philosophy you would use? Why? How will this “thing” become better? Why? Be sure to use all three philosophies in different situations?– Examples to help you think.– A classroom Your family Your homework– The government A t.v. show– A sports team A video game

Independent Activity• A. Match up people (teachers, students, friends, parents, musicians, actors, etc.) with each

Chinese Philosophy. What qualities make them match up to the philosophy? Why do you think they are the way they are? Prove this with several examples/facts.

• B. Choose various situations (war, protests, poor economy, financial prosperity, peace, classroom, sports team, musical group, etc.) in which each Chinese Philosophy would work best in. Why would the theory be most beneficial or harmful? Provide several examples/facts to support your idea.

• C. You are an advisor to the emperor of China. He relies upon you greatly to help in making decisions for China. You receive many benefits by being the advisor. Design a how-to guide on utilizing one of the ancient Chinese philosophies. Include rules, procedures, consequences, benefits, etc.

• D. Imagine you went back to the time of the Zhou Dynasty. Which ancient Chinese philosophy would you most want to be a part of? Why? What would life be like? Would life improve? Which ancient Chinese philosophy would you least want to be a part of? Why? Provide several examples to support your beliefs.

• ***For each activity provide your key vocabulary terms to assist you in the support of your ideas. Include any visuals or symbols to help explain your thoughts.***

Homework

• 1. Think of a situation that someone may find themselves in.• Example – cheating, pulled over by police, bullying, losing a

game, child having a temper-tantrum in public, etc.

• 2. Ask a member of your family how and why they would respond if facing the situations you created in class. Write down your responses in complete sentences.

• 3. Thank your family for their help. Privately, try to determine if their response and their reason for that response would best fit the expected behavior of a Daoist, a Confucianist, or a Legalist.