Unit 3: Ancient GreeceUnit 3: Ancient Greece

Pre-testPre-test

1. Where is Greece located?1. Where is Greece located? 2. Is Greece an island? Y or N2. Is Greece an island? Y or N 3. Name a Greek city.3. Name a Greek city. 4. Name a person from Ancient Greece.4. Name a person from Ancient Greece. 5. What was the Trojan Horse?5. What was the Trojan Horse? 6. Were the Greeks polytheistic or 6. Were the Greeks polytheistic or

monotheistic?monotheistic? 7. What event started in Ancient Greece?7. What event started in Ancient Greece?

Geography:Geography:

Made up of over Made up of over 2000 islands.2000 islands.

Three major seas Three major seas surround Greece:surround Greece: IonianIonian AegeanAegean MediterraneanMediterranean

Many of the islands Many of the islands are rocky and are rocky and unsuitable for unsuitable for agricultureagriculture

Less than 20% Less than 20% could be farmed.could be farmed.

Main crops: figs, Main crops: figs, olives, corn, grain.olives, corn, grain.

Sheep and goats.Sheep and goats.

Many of the people Many of the people lived within 70km lived within 70km of the ocean.of the ocean.

Largest island was Largest island was Crete, which was Crete, which was where the earliest where the earliest Greek civilization Greek civilization was established.was established.

Effect of Geography:Effect of Geography:

1. Difficult to conquer by land.1. Difficult to conquer by land. 2. Relied on the sea for food and trade.2. Relied on the sea for food and trade. 3. Very few natural resources.3. Very few natural resources. 4. Small, isolated communities that did 4. Small, isolated communities that did

not communicate with each other.not communicate with each other.

Ancient Greece was never unified under Ancient Greece was never unified under one main government and leader.one main government and leader.

Map Assignment: 25 marksMap Assignment: 25 marks

Use page 129. Colour the mapUse page 129. Colour the map.. MacedoniaMacedonia SpartaSparta ThraceThrace KnossosKnossos Asia MinorAsia Minor EphesosEphesos CreteCrete TroyTroy OlymposOlympos PeloponnesePeloponnese DelphiDelphi AthensAthens Aegean SeaAegean Sea OlympiaOlympia MycenaeMycenae Ionian SeaIonian Sea HellespontHellespont AtticaAttica Mediterranean SeaMediterranean Sea SalamisSalamis

Minoans and MycenaeansMinoans and Mycenaeans

The Greeks trace The Greeks trace their culture back to their culture back to these two groups. these two groups.

Named after the Named after the legendary King legendary King Minos.Minos.

A large palace had A large palace had been discovered at been discovered at Krossos.Krossos.

King Minos and KnossosKing Minos and Knossos

Theseus and the MinotaurTheseus and the Minotaur

The Mycenaeans The Mycenaeans were from the were from the Peloponnesian Peloponnesian Peninsula. Peninsula.

They invaded and They invaded and conquered the conquered the Minoans on Crete. Minoans on Crete.

The most famous of The most famous of the Mycenaean the Mycenaean kings was named kings was named Agamemnon. Agamemnon.

The Trojan WarThe Trojan War

Homer – a great Homer – a great Greek poet wrote Greek poet wrote the epics The Iliad the epics The Iliad and The Odyssey and The Odyssey that told the story of that told the story of the Trojan War the Trojan War between the between the Mycenaeans and the Mycenaeans and the Trojans.Trojans.

Did it really happen?Did it really happen?

The Dark AgesThe Dark Ages

Began with the decline of the Began with the decline of the Mycenaeans. The greeks divided Mycenaeans. The greeks divided themselves into three main groups: themselves into three main groups: Ionians, Aeolians and Dorians.Ionians, Aeolians and Dorians.

Dorians used Iron weapons and were Dorians used Iron weapons and were very fierce warriors. They were able very fierce warriors. They were able to move through the Greek mainland to move through the Greek mainland and conquer a lot of it. and conquer a lot of it.

This period is known as the Dark This period is known as the Dark Ages because the Dorians were not Ages because the Dorians were not interested in maintaining the Greek interested in maintaining the Greek culture, writing down the history, culture, writing down the history, maintaining farming communities.maintaining farming communities.

They were interested in a military They were interested in a military type of existence.type of existence.

The result was The result was famine and a famine and a severe drop in severe drop in population.population.

Sparta was Sparta was developed as the developed as the main city-state of main city-state of the Dorians.the Dorians.

To survive, other Greek communities To survive, other Greek communities developed into developed into polispolis..

They also developed They also developed apoikoiapoikoi for for survival.survival.

Text work: Pages 138 - 140Text work: Pages 138 - 140

1.1. Why do historians call the years from Why do historians call the years from 1100 BCE to 800 BCE the Dark Ages?1100 BCE to 800 BCE the Dark Ages?

2.2. What did mainland Greeks do to avoid What did mainland Greeks do to avoid the invading Dorians?the invading Dorians?

3.3. Make a list of all the things ‘lost’ Make a list of all the things ‘lost’ because of the invading Dorians.because of the invading Dorians.

4.4. What is a polis?What is a polis?5.5. How big was a polis? What were the How big was a polis? What were the

two exceptions?two exceptions?

6. Why did the Greeks need to find 6. Why did the Greeks need to find additional land by the middle of the additional land by the middle of the 8th century BCE?8th century BCE?

7.7. What is an apoikoi and where were What is an apoikoi and where were many located around the many located around the Mediterranean?Mediterranean?

8.8. List 5 achievements of the Greeks List 5 achievements of the Greeks that marked the period of colonization that marked the period of colonization

Greeks in Battle:Greeks in Battle:

Two main city-Two main city-states:states: Athens and SpartaAthens and Sparta

Athens – men Athens – men between 20-50 must between 20-50 must fight if needed.fight if needed.

Sparta – all men Sparta – all men fought no matter the fought no matter the age.age.

Soldiers were called Soldiers were called hopliteshoplites..

Helmet – bronze, tall Helmet – bronze, tall crest of horsehaircrest of horsehair

Body armour – Body armour – leather or bronze leather or bronze (iron too heavy), shin (iron too heavy), shin plates plates

Shield – usually wood Shield – usually wood with bronze; family with bronze; family crest painted on itcrest painted on it

Greek ships were Greek ships were called called triremestriremes..

Used up to 170 Used up to 170 oarsmen (usually oarsmen (usually slaves).slaves).

Pointed hull made of Pointed hull made of iron or bronze iron or bronze valuable for ramming valuable for ramming enemy ships.enemy ships.

‘‘Scary’ designs Scary’ designs

The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars

Were a series of Were a series of conflicts between conflicts between several Greek city-several Greek city-states and the Persian states and the Persian Empire.Empire.

Not all Greek city-states Not all Greek city-states fought against the fought against the Persians; some were Persians; some were neutral and others allied neutral and others allied with Persia, especially with Persia, especially as its massive armies as its massive armies approached.approached.

Background to the Persian Background to the Persian Wars:Wars:

Greek city states in Asia Minor came Greek city states in Asia Minor came under Persian control.under Persian control.

Ruled under tyrants who made Greek Ruled under tyrants who made Greek citizens serve in the Persian Army citizens serve in the Persian Army and pay high taxes.and pay high taxes.

Rebellion occurred and a Persian Rebellion occurred and a Persian leader asked for help from the Greek leader asked for help from the Greek Mainland city-states.Mainland city-states.

Sparta was asked 1Sparta was asked 1stst and said ‘No’. and said ‘No’. Athens gave 20 triremes and joined Athens gave 20 triremes and joined

the revolt.the revolt. After a few years, Athens lost interest After a few years, Athens lost interest

and went home.and went home. Persia never forgot and their leader Persia never forgot and their leader

Darius vowed vengence.Darius vowed vengence. 490 BCE: What began?490 BCE: What began?

FlipbookFlipbook

Find the following for each battle:Find the following for each battle:1.1. When the battle happened?When the battle happened?

2.2. Where the battle occurred?Where the battle occurred?

3.3. Names of people involved and their Names of people involved and their role.role.

4.4. 5 significant facts about each battle5 significant facts about each battle

5.5. Final outcome of the battle.Final outcome of the battle.

Battle of Marathon:Battle of Marathon:

490 BCE490 BCE Leaders: Militades Leaders: Militades

(Athens)(Athens)

Darius (Persia)Darius (Persia) Met on the Plains of Met on the Plains of

Marathon.Marathon. First ‘marathon’ by First ‘marathon’ by

Phedippedes.Phedippedes. Surprise attacks caused Surprise attacks caused

the Persians to lose the Persians to lose 1000s; Athenians lost 1921000s; Athenians lost 192

Significant facts:Significant facts:

Battle of Thermopylae:Battle of Thermopylae:

480 BCE Persia has a 480 BCE Persia has a new king, Xerxes.new king, Xerxes.

Xerxes brought 1200 Xerxes brought 1200 ships and 170 000 ships and 170 000 hoplites.hoplites.

Greeks had 200 triremes Greeks had 200 triremes and 7000 hoplites.and 7000 hoplites.

Sparta was the leader in Sparta was the leader in this battle, led by King this battle, led by King Leonidas and his 300 Leonidas and his 300 Spartan warriors. All Spartan warriors. All perished at Persian perished at Persian hand. hand.

Significant Facts:Significant Facts:

““Passerby, tell Sparta that her soldiers aren’t Passerby, tell Sparta that her soldiers aren’t missing in action; they made their last stand missing in action; they made their last stand here and died” (rhymes in Greek) here and died” (rhymes in Greek)

Battle of Salamis:Battle of Salamis:

Greeks not killed at Greeks not killed at Thermopylae escaped Thermopylae escaped to the Island of Salamis.to the Island of Salamis.

Persians were tricked to Persians were tricked to believe the Greeks believe the Greeks would try to escape.would try to escape.

The Battle became a The Battle became a great Greek victory and great Greek victory and the Persians retreated the Persians retreated back to Persia.back to Persia.

Significant Facts:Significant Facts:

Assignment: Pick a SideAssignment: Pick a Side

You are a reported for the PNN or the You are a reported for the PNN or the GNN (Persian National News or Greek GNN (Persian National News or Greek National News)National News)

You just sat on the hill and watched You just sat on the hill and watched the Battle of Salamis as it happened.the Battle of Salamis as it happened.

Report your details two ways:Report your details two ways:

1.1.

Write an article about the battle.Write an article about the battle. Your article must include:Your article must include:

A titleA title A brief review of events leading up to the A brief review of events leading up to the

battlebattle A description of the battleA description of the battle The outcome of the battleThe outcome of the battle Any other important infoAny other important info 1 page minimum1 page minimum

22

A verbal report on the battleA verbal report on the battle Must include:Must include:

A brief review of events leading up to A brief review of events leading up to the battlethe battle

A description of the battleA description of the battle The outcome of the battleThe outcome of the battle Any other important infoAny other important info Must be 3-6 minutes long.Must be 3-6 minutes long.

SocietySociety

Athens and Sparta’s Social Athens and Sparta’s Social OrganizationOrganization

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War(431-404 BCE)(431-404 BCE)

After the huge success of the Persian After the huge success of the Persian Wars, the 2 main city-states and their Wars, the 2 main city-states and their allies formed the allies formed the Delian LeagueDelian League..

Together, these 150 city-states worked Together, these 150 city-states worked together to build triremes, train hoplites, together to build triremes, train hoplites, and plan military strategy, to protect the and plan military strategy, to protect the Greeks from a possible invasion.Greeks from a possible invasion.

Athens and Sparta are once again Athens and Sparta are once again mortal enemies.mortal enemies.

Athens had naval supremacy in the Athens had naval supremacy in the region.region.

Sparta had an enormous hoplite army.Sparta had an enormous hoplite army. Both wanted to control all the Greek Both wanted to control all the Greek

Islands.Islands.

Athenian power in Athenian power in the Mediterranean the Mediterranean was lost to the was lost to the powerful Spartans. powerful Spartans.

(Especially when (Especially when the Persians got the Persians got involved.) involved.)

Text book: Pages 146-148Text book: Pages 146-148

1. What was Pericles’ strategy to defend 1. What was Pericles’ strategy to defend Athens?Athens?

2. What was the fatal flaw in his strategy?2. What was the fatal flaw in his strategy? 3. Why was the truce in 421 BCE short-3. Why was the truce in 421 BCE short-

lived?lived? 4. Why did the Athenians want to invade 4. Why did the Athenians want to invade

Syracuse?Syracuse? 5. What did the Spartans do to force 5. What did the Spartans do to force

Athens to surrender?Athens to surrender?

Greek Laws and JusticeGreek Laws and Justice

Oligarchy – SpartaOligarchy – Sparta

Democracy – AthensDemocracy – Athens

When Athens was the most powerful When Athens was the most powerful city-state, they wanted the ideas of city-state, they wanted the ideas of democracy to be spread around their democracy to be spread around their Athenian empire.Athenian empire.

Solon was given the Solon was given the job of re-writing the job of re-writing the laws for everyone.laws for everyone.

He had them He had them displayed on displayed on stelas stelas around the various around the various city-states.city-states.

He tried to please He tried to please everyone and made everyone and made the laws fair to rich the laws fair to rich and poorand poor..

Draco – was first Draco – was first chosen to codify the chosen to codify the Athenian laws.Athenian laws.

He determined the He determined the difference between a difference between a minor or major crime minor or major crime and their and their punishment.punishment.

Draco preferred very Draco preferred very harsh punishment!harsh punishment!

The only Draconian The only Draconian law that still exists law that still exists today is one for today is one for murder.murder.

He distinguished He distinguished between murder between murder and man-slaughter and man-slaughter and the punishment and the punishment for both.for both.

Greatest innovation of Greek laws was the Greatest innovation of Greek laws was the juryjury. . Greek trials were held in the town squares and had Greek trials were held in the town squares and had

juries from 201 to 1501 members.juries from 201 to 1501 members. Juries ‘cast their votes’ by throwing bronze disks.Juries ‘cast their votes’ by throwing bronze disks. Solid for innocent; hollow for guilty.Solid for innocent; hollow for guilty.

Read pages 159-160.Read pages 159-160. Answer questions 1, 2 on page 160.Answer questions 1, 2 on page 160.

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Alexander was a Alexander was a prince, the son of prince, the son of King Philip of King Philip of Macedonia.Macedonia.

Born in Macedonia Born in Macedonia in 356 BCE. in 356 BCE.

Macedonia was not Macedonia was not a Greek city-state. It a Greek city-state. It was a huge country was a huge country north of Greece.  north of Greece. 

Alexander had Greek teachers, one of Alexander had Greek teachers, one of which was which was Aristotle. .

He spoke Greek and knew Greek history. He spoke Greek and knew Greek history. He believed in the Greek gods and his He believed in the Greek gods and his

mother told him he was a descendent mother told him he was a descendent of Achilles.of Achilles.

At age 20, he became the leader of At age 20, he became the leader of Macedonia and set out to conquer the Macedonia and set out to conquer the world.world.

He brought an army He brought an army of 30,000 foot of 30,000 foot soldiers and 5,000 soldiers and 5,000 cavalrymen.cavalrymen.

Along with the army Along with the army he took engineers, he took engineers, surveyors, surveyors, architects, scientists architects, scientists and even historians. and even historians.

Everywhere he went, he Everywhere he went, he introduced the newly introduced the newly conquered people to conquered people to Greek literature, myth, Greek literature, myth, dance, language, dance, language, money, medicine, art, money, medicine, art, and theatre. and theatre.

He allowed conquered He allowed conquered people to run their own people to run their own country as long as they country as long as they learned the Greek ways.learned the Greek ways.

The PhalanxThe Phalanx

Alexander’s EmpireAlexander’s Empire

Alexander died at age 33 from Alexander died at age 33 from malaria.malaria.

He had conquered Asia Minor, Egypt, He had conquered Asia Minor, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia Mesopotamia, Persia, Central Asia and India.and India.

70 cities were named after him.70 cities were named after him. Upon his death, his empire collapsed.Upon his death, his empire collapsed.

Page 151Page 151

Why is the period that begins with Why is the period that begins with Alexander’s conquests known as the Alexander’s conquests known as the Hellenistic Age?Hellenistic Age?

What were Alexander’s intentions with What were Alexander’s intentions with all his new territories?all his new territories?

What are some of the What are some of the accomplishments of this age?accomplishments of this age?

Do you think Alexander deserves the Do you think Alexander deserves the title ‘the Great’? Why or why not? title ‘the Great’? Why or why not?

Test: May 14, 2009Test: May 14, 2009