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Unit 2 Summary Notes
Biochemistry (The Chemistry of Life) What are living creatures made of?
Organic Chemistry vs Inorganic Chemistry Organic Inorganic
Study of Living Processes Study of Non-Living Processes
Study of CARBON compounds Study of all substances but not the carbon compounds
Other elements commonly found in living organisms Ca, P, K, S, Fe, Mg, Salt(Na Cl)
Elements of Life
96% of living organisms are made of: carbon (C)
hydrogen (H)
oxygen (O)
nitrogen (N)
What are bodies made of? Biomolecules!
Put C, H, O, & N together in different ways to build these biomolecules. carbohydrates
sugars & starches
proteins
fats (lipids)
nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
Why do we eat? We eat to take in more chemicals (CHONP – the chemical building blocks of life)
Food is needed for building materials
to make more of us (cells) for growth for repair
Food is needed to make energy calories
to make ATP
What do we need to eat? Foods provides the body a supply of building blocks & energy Our bodies need these:
carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals, salts water nucleic acids (made from proteins we consume)
Watch the Biomolecule video link below by Amoeba Sisters https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YO244P1e9QM
Carbohydrates
58% of diet Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), & Oxygen (O) Breaks down into sugars Function is to provide quick energy for our cells
Polysaccharides
Lipids 30% of our diet (saturated vs unsaturated) Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), &
Few Oxygen (O) Basic structure is a glycerol and 3 fatty acids Function is for long term energy storage & to form
cell membranes (lipid bilayer)
Proteins 12% of our diet Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H),Oxygen (O)
and Nitrogen (N) Breaks down into amino acids Function is to regulate cell processes, form bones
and muscle, make you ...YOU!
Nucleic Acids DNA & RNA Made up of Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), & Phosphorus (P) Breaks down into nucleotides Function is to direct cell activities
The 4 Main Biomolecules Found in Living Things
Biomolecule Monomer Polymer 1. Carbohydrate monosaccharide polysaccharides or
complex carbohydrates 2. Lipid glycerol and fatty acids NONE 3. Protein amino acid protein or polypeptide 4. Nucleic Acid nucleotide nucleic acids
Biomolecule Main Elements 1. Carbohydrate CHO 1:2:1 ratio 2. Lipid CHO (few Oxygen) 3. Protein CHON 4. Nucleic Acid CHONP
More About The 4 Main Biomolecules
Biomolecule Common Names Function(s) 1. Carbohydrate Bread, Sugar,
Potatoes, Cellulose
Quick energy source Structure for Plant Walls Structure for some insects
2. Lipid Butter, Oil, Wax Long-term storage for energy, Cell membranes (lipid bilayer), Insulation for body, Steroids, Hormones, Cholesterol
3. Protein Steak, Fish, Eggs, Peanuts, Beans, Cheese
Main Building Blocks of Cells, Hemoglobin, Cell Markers, Collagen (connective tissue), Insulin, Histones, Keratin (hair & nails) Antibodies, Enzymes
4. Nucleic Acid Genes, Genetic Code DNA & RNA
Stores instructions for designing life and making proteins, Hereditary Information
Biomolecule Monomer Polymer & Example Structure(s)
Carbohydrates Monosaccharide (a single sugar molecule)
Polysaccharides or Carbohydrates
Lipids/Fats Glycerol Head & Fatty Acid Chain(s)
None
Proteins Amino Acid (20 different amino acids)
Polypeptides
Nucleic Acids Nucleotide
Nucleic Acids
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