Unit 2 Review: Taxonomy

Early Taxonomy (Classification)

1. Aristotle:1. Plant

2. Animal

2. Linnaeus:

1. Hierarchy: levels of organization.

How can I remember this?•King

•Phillip

•Came

•Over

• For

•Good

• Soup

Kingdoms

• 6 kingdoms• Archaebacteria• Eubacteria• Protista• Fungi• Plantae• Anamalia

Know the Difference.

Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria

1. Environment

2. Composition of cell wall

Plant vs. Fungi

1. Autotroph vs Heterotroph

2. Organelle composition

3. Seeds vs spores

4. Cell wall

Genus and Species• Organisms sharing a genus are

closely related

• Species is the smallest and mostspecific group

• Species consist of similar organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring

• Binomial nomenclature –naming system developed by Linnaeus that uses a two part name

• 1st part: identifies organism’s genus (capitalized)

• 2nd part: identifies it’s species

•Exs:•Wolf – Canis lupus•Domestic cat – Felis domesticus•Human – Homo sapien

Tools to assist in classifying organisms:Cladogram: Dichotomous Key:

What about viruses?!?!Viruses:

1. Not alive1. Require host cell to reproduce (Lysis)

2. Contains own DNA (Nucleic Acids)

3. Not made of cells

*Can be transmitted through air, exchange of fluids, contaminated food and water, and improper use of medical equipment.

Plantae Kingdom Specifics

1. Autotrophic

2. Contain chloroplast; Photosynthesis

3. Multicellular

4. Eukaryotic

5. Responds to abiotic factors1. Tropism: A plant’s ability to respond to environmental

stimuli.

1. Phototropism

2. Geo/Gravitropism

3. Thigmotropism

Plant Hormones

• Cytokinins: Inhibit elongation and cause cells to grow thicker

• Gibberellins: Responsible for rapid early growth in many plants

• Ethylene: stimulates fruits to ripen

• Auxin: Promotes Growth, and plays a major role in certain tropisms

Vocabulary to Know:

1. Auto vs Heterotrophic: 1. Auto: Self

2. Hetero: Different

3. Troph: Energy

2. Uni vs. Multicellular1. Uni: One

2. Multi: More than one

3. Cellular: Containing one or more cells

3. Pro vs Eukaryotic

1. Pro: Before

2. Eu: True

3. Karyo: Nucleus