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Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
WARNING!The following picture is from a medical
school lecture that shows the actual female reproductive organs in a cadaver.
Although it is just a close up of the uterus and ovary, some people may wish
not to look.
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Introducing – the egg (ovum)!
• Is 100um in diameter.
•Can only live for 1 day if not fertilized.
•Has about 140,000 mitochondria in cytoplasm.
•Each ovary has 300,000 – 400,000 egg-forming structures (follicles).
• One egg is released each month from puberty to menopause (~ 400 in entire lifetime).
• Egg is covered with specialized outer coating that can be penetrated by sperm of the same species only.
Female Anatomy – Points of Interest
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
1. Hymen
2. Ectopic Pregnancy
3. “Tubes tied”
4. Questions?
Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear, & HPV Vaccine
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
•Cervical cancer – growth of cells on the cervix.
• This cancer is often gradual, normal cells become precancerous and sometimes become cancerous.
Pap Smear
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Dr. George Papanicolaou discovered that studying cell samples from the cervix could quickly and easily diagnose abnormal cells and/or cervical cancer
Cervical Cancer, Pap Smear, & HPV Vaccine
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
•HPV virus:
•Causes 90% of genital warts
•Causes 70% of cervical cancers
• Gardasil is vaccine that protects against diseases caused by HPV.
• Recommended that young girls become vaccinated before becoming sexually active to prevent HPV infections and reduce risk of cervical cancer.
Female Circumcision
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Female circumcision is done in parts of Africa, Asia and South America. It is not considered illegal, based on religious beliefs and has no medical value.
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Female Circumcision can range in severity:•Some cultures remove just the hood that covers the clitoris.
•Other cultures remove all of the clitoris as well as the adjoining parts of the labia majora.
•In some cases, entire external genitalia is removed and the remaining opening is stitched up leaving a very small opening.
• Childbirth and sex become extremely painful and the women often die from complications.
Male Circumcision
Unit 2: Reproduction & Development
Circumcision is the removal of the foreskin. No medical evidence exists to justify this practice, however it is very common. The foreskin does serve a purpose, it delivers secretions that lubricate and help destroy invading bacteria. It also provides protection. Circumcision does offer some benefits; such as it is easier to keep the area clean, reducing the risk of infection. It also seems to offer some protection against STI’s.
