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Unit 2
Origins of United States Government
Origins of the United States Government
Section 1: Early Influences
Ideas from England
Limited Gov.
Rep. Gov.
Petition of Right
Bill of Rights
4 English Ideas Explained0 1. Limited gov.
0One person does NOT have all the power0Magna Carta01215 England0Citizens force King John to sign0Limited power of king0Rule of law—gov leaders must act according to a set of laws
0 2. Representative gov0Bicameral0Two houses of legislative branch
0 3. Petition of Right016280Parliament forces Charles I to sign it0Limited power of the monarch0Parliament (elected by people) had more power
0 4. English Bill of Rights0Citizens rights from gov violations
English Documents Explained
0Magna Carta webpage0Petition of Right 0English Bill of Rights
Colonies
0Charters0English monarchs gave settlers right to establish a colony0Most charters included limited and rep gov.
0Governments0As number of colonies grew, each developed limited and
rep gov.
Origins of United States GovernmentSection 2: Independence
Searching for Unity0a. Tough to unite 0i. Colonies formed for different reasons 01. Profit 02. Religion 03. Georgia: refuge for debtors
0ii. Different economies and geography 01. New England: fishing and lumber 02. South: crops
13 Original Colonies
Attempts at Unity
• 1643• Vs. Indians• Had little power• Little cooperation among
colonies
New England Confederation
• Council of reps• Levy taxes to raise army• Regulate trade with Indians• Colonies rejected the plan
Albany Plan of Union
An Ocean Apart0a. Anger over British taxes unite the colonies 0b. First Continental Congress 0i. Protest British policies 0ii. Send King George III the Declaration and
Resolves of the First Continental Congress 0iii. British tighten control 0iv. Colonists declare independence in 1776
Origins of United States GovernmentSection 3: The First National Government
Articles of ConfederationYear
Established• 1777
How? • All 13 states had to ratify. Done in 1781
How powerful?
• Not very. Most did not want a powerful national gov
Legislative Powers
• Each state had 1 legislative vote• majority rule• 9 votes needed for major decisions
Limits on power
• Could not tax• Could not regulate trade• No executive branch• No judicial brandh
Articles of Confederation DID NOT WORK
0Reasons:01. each colony was very different
including issue of slavery02. size of new nation was
large/communication was slow03. states did their own thing—ignored
federal laws and taxes04. A of C HAD NO POWER!
What next?
0Many felt we needed a strong federal government0Otherwise, we would have no country!0Example: Shays’s Rebellion
Origins of the United States GovernmentSection 4: The Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
General Info
0 *Delegates met in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation
0 *However, delegates moved quickly to form a stronger national gov.
0 *worked 4 months in a hot Phila summer in secrecy
8 singed Dec of Ind
7 on 1st Cont. Cong.
7 state governors
Wealthy/educated
The Delegates
Key People
0George Washington0Benjamin Franklin0Alexander Hamilton0 James Madison
George Washington
Benjamin Franklin
Click icon to add picture
Alexander Hamilton
Click icon to add picture
James Madison
Rival PlansVirginia Plan New Jersey Plan
Powers of National Government
1. Levy taxes2. Make national laws3. Regulate trade
1. Levy taxes2. Regulate trade
Executive Branch Strong executive chosen by legislature
Weak executive controlled by the legislature
Legislative Branch 1. Bicameral2. Membership based on
state population3. 1st house elected by
people4. 2nd house elected by
1st house
1. Strong unicameral 2. Each state has 1 vote3. Reps chose by state
legislatures
Judicial Branch Supreme Court and lower courts
Supreme Court with justices named by legislature
The Great CompromiseLegislative Branch 1. Bicameral legislative branch
a. House: based on populationb. Senate: 2 per state
Executive Branch The Electoral College
Trade 1. Congress could not ban import of slaves before 18082. Congress could not tax goods on exports
Slavery 1. North: believed it was wrong; also believed they should not count towards population2. Southern states want slaves to count3. 3/5 compromise: each slave counted as 3/5 of a free person
Finalizing the Constitution
0Most signed the new Constitution, even though many still opposed.
Origins of the United States GovernmentSection 5: Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists vs. Anti Federalists
a. Federalistsi. Constitution would protect rights and was necessary to hold nation together
b. Antifederalistsi. Did not want the new gov.ii. Constitution would create a gov. that would threaten people’s rights and state’s rights
RATIFICATION!
0After a lot of debate, all states eventually ratified (passed) the Constitution