Unit 2 Olympic Value Education - nebula.wsimg.com

Unit2 Olympic Value Education

2.1 Olympics, Paralympics and Special Olympics

2.2 Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectives and Values of Olympism

2.3 International Olympic Committee

2.4 Indian Olympic Association

Contents

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IntroductionOlympic Movement is a wide term. It gives the understanding of Olympic participation in its activities in pastand present along with the development of games and sports for competitions or more appropriately we cansay that it is the link between Ancient Olympic Games and Modern Olympic Games and development ofcompetitive sports activities at various levels. For better understanding it is important to know the journey ofAncient Olympics to Modern Olympics first.

Ancient Olympic Games (776 BC – 393 AD)History reveals that Hercules came to Olympia to offer a sacrifice to god Zues. He celebrated his victory byorganising an athletic contest and gradually these games were forgotten until when Iphitos became the kingof Elis. During that century the Greeks faced civil wars and three kings Elis, Sparta & Pisa in Greece concludeda treaty known as ‘Sacred Truce’. Around 776 BC these game were organised at the city named Olympia astheir religious festivals and from then Olympic games achieved some importance and representatives of wholeGreek used to gathered at Olympia and exhibited their unity.

These games were held in the honour of god Zues, who once appeared on the grounds of Olympia. Thepeople of Olympia constructed a magnificent temple of god Zues and started the tradition to offer sacrifice.Later, son of Zues, Hercules started various games and sports in the honour of his father.

➡ Modern Olympic Games was restored after 1503 years of closure of ancient Olympics.

➡ Three times Modern Olympic Games were not conducted due to World War 1 and 2.

➡ Paralympics was organized in 1948 with London Olympic Games.

➡ ‘Spirit in Motion’ is motto of Paralympics was introduced in 2004.

➡ “International Paralympics committee” and “Special Olympic Organization” are the recognized byInternational Olympic Committee.

➡ The tenure of President of International Olympic Committee for eight years and extended forfour years only once.

➡ Olympic Flag is made in 1913, Inaugurated in 1914 and waved first time in 1920.

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Olympic Value Education 21

Modern Olympic GamesThe revival work of the games was undertaken by Barron Pierre DeCoubertin, nearly 1503 years after the last ancient games. A FrenchResearch delegation which was led by Pierre Barron De Coubertin went toGreece and there they got archeological runs of city of Olympia. During aconference at Surbonne, he first-said, “The Restoration of the OlympicGames”. He further added that the games would strengthen amateur sports,to give them strength and lasting quality for an essential role in the worldof modern education.

A team of delegation was formed which was led by Pierre Barron DeCoubertin and associates and created International Olympic Committee tooversee them and due to their hard efforts the first Modern Olympic Gamesheld in 1896 at Athens Greece and since then these games are held everyfour years.

2.1 Olympics, Paralympicsand Special Olympics

OlympicsThe word ‘Olympic Movement’ means the efforts which were taken during the period between Ancient OlympicGames to the organisation of Modern Olympic Games. In comparison to other games, Olympic games is uniquebecause athletes from all over the world participate in it. Million of spectators come to see these games andthese games represents the international unity and brotherhood. These games are considered to be the highestlevel games means nothing big competition then Olympic Games.

These games are organised after every four years. Lots of people gather just to see a glimpse of theopening ceremony of these games which is followed by the competition of various games and at last closingceremony takes place.

The objective of Olympic Games is to promote games and sports in the world. To understand the historyof Olympic Games we should be aware of the Ancient Olympic Games as well as the Modern Olympic Games.Olympic games are organised after every 4 years, by a governing body named by the International OlympicCommittee. International Olympic Committee includes National Olympic Associations, International SportsOrganisations, Players, Referees, Coaches, Olympic Games Organising Committee, Manifesto of Olympics, etc.

Year and Venue of Modern Olympic Games Held

S. Year City Country No. of No. of Main featuresNo. countries activities

participated

1. 1896 Athens Greece 13 9 Only for men Athletics, Swimming, Gymnastics,Wrestling and Horse Riding.

2. 1900 Paris France 22 17 Motto announced, women participationallowed.

3. 1904 St. Louis US 12 4 Proper sports kit compulsory for players.

4. 1908 London England 22 21 Racial differences were seen.

5. 1912 Stockholm Sweden 28 4 Women took part in swimming.

K E Y POINTS★ Ancient Olympics

★ Modern Olympic

★ Athens

★ Barron Pierre De Coubertin

★ International Committee

★ Paralympics

★ Paralympics Motto

★ Paralympics Symbol

★ Paralympics oath

★ Special Olympic

★ Special Olympic Logo

★ Olympic Motto

★ Olympic Symbol

★ Indian Olympic Association

★ Sir Dorabji Tata

★ Dr Noehren

Health and Physical Education—XI22

6. 1916 Berlin Germany — — Not held due to World War I.7. 1920 Antwerp Belgium 29 22 Olympic flag was raised.

8. 1924 Paris France 44 18 March past and opening show.

9. 1928 Amsterdam Holland 46 15 Olympic torch was lit. India won first gold inhockey.

10. 1932 Los Angeles USA 37 15 Olympic village was set-up, India won secondgold in hockey.

11. 1936 Berlin Germany 49 20 India won hockey gold again.

12. 1940 Tokyo Japan — — Not held due to World War II.13. 1944 London England — — Not held due to World War II.14. 1948 London England 59 18 Racial differences were seen.15. 1952 Helsinki Finland 69 17 Indian flag, K.D. Jadav got 3rd position in

wrestling (First individual medal).

16. 1956 Melbourne Australia 71 17 First time in Southern Hemisphere.

17. 1960 Rome Italy 83 17 Telecast on TV. India lost to Pakistan in Hockeyfinal.

18. 1964 Tokyo Japan 93 19 Olympic mascot shown. Milkha Singh misses.19. 1968 Mexico City Mexico 112 18 Attitude variation was observed in athletes.

20. 1972 Munich W. Germany 122 18 Lavish affair.

21. 1976 Montreal Canada 92 21 Africa boycotted. Drug use was seen by athletes.

22. 1980 Moscow Russia 81 21 USA boycotted. Drugs were banned for athletes.

23. 1984 Los Angeles US 140 23 Russia boycotted. Medical test for players.

24. 1988 Seoul S. Korea 160 23 Ben Johnson discarded (drugs). Many recordsbroken.

25. 1992 Barcelona Spain 173 25 Indian performance very poor.

26. 1996 Atlanta USA 197 27 High tech observation by video camera. LeanderPaes got Bronze in tennis for India.

27. 2000 Sydney Australia 213 29 Greatest ever show on earth. Maleshwari gotBronze in weightlifting. Many records inswimming. Many new games introduced.

28. 2004 Athens Greece 211 31 China came with huge medal tally. India’sRajyavardhan got silver in shooting.

29. 2008 Beijing China 204 28 Mega structures were built like Bird Nest,Bubble Cube. India won first individual goldby Abhinav Bindra. Sushil Kumar and VijenderKumar won Bronze medals. Americansupremacy was lost as China got lead in medaltally.

30. 2012 London England 204 26 American regained supremacy. Six medals fromIndia, Vijay Kumar (Shooting), Sushil Kumar(Wrestling), Saina Nehwal (Badminton), MaryKom (Boxing), Yogeshwar Datt (Wrestling),Gagan Narang (Shooting).

31. 2016 Rio De Janeiro Brazil 206 208 Rugby 7 and Golf included and refugee hadtheir own team.

32. 2020 Tokyo Japan — 28 Scheduled to be held.

33. 2024 Prais France — — Scheduled to be held.

34. 2028 Los Angeles USA — — Scheduled to be held.


Paralympic GamesThe Paralympic games is a multi-sport event for athletes with physical, mental and sensorial disabilities. Thesegames are held every four years following the Olympic games and are governed by the International ParalympicCommittee (IPC). The IPC organises summer and winter Paralympic games.

The word ‘Paralympic’ is derived from the Greek preposition ‘para’ (beside or along side) and the word‘Olympic’. It means that the Paralympics are the parallel games to the Olympics and illustrate how the twomovements exist side by side. The Paralympic games originated at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in GreatBritain. In 1944, Dr. Ludwig Guttmann, a German spinal injuries doctor, opened a spinal injuries centre at thehospital to treat war veterans through rehabilitation sports. These gradually evolved to recreational sports andthen to competitive sports. The Stoke Mandeville games were first organised in 1948 with London Olympicgames.

They were later called the Paralympic games. In 1960, they took place in Rome, Italy. Since then, theyhave taken place every four years. The categories for the Paralympic games include (i) Amputee, (ii) CerebralPalsy, (iii) Intellectual disabilities, (iv) Wheel-chaired, (v) Visually impaired.

Paralympics Values

1. Courage: Through their performances, para-athletes showcase to the world what can be achieved bytesting one’s body to its absolute limits.

2. Determination: Para-athletes have a unique strength of character that combines mental toughness,physical abilities and outstanding agility to produce sports performances that regularly redefine theboundaries of possibilities.

3. Inspiration: As role models, para-athletes maximise their abilities, thus, empowering and excitingothers to participate in sports.

4. Equality: Through sports, para-athletes challenge stereotypes and transform attitudes. They helpincrease inclusions by breaking down social barriers and discrimination towards people with specialneeds.

Paralympics Motto

The Paralympic motto is ‘Spirit in Motion’. The motto was introduced in 2004 at the Paralympic games inAthens. The previous motto was ‘Mind, Body, Spirit’ which was introduced in 1994.

Paralympics Symbol

The symbol of the Paralympic games is composed of three ‘agitos’ coloured red, blue and green (colours thatare most commonly represented in national flags around the world) and encircling a single point on a whitefield. The word ‘agito’ (meaning ‘I move’ in Latin) is a symbol of movement in the shape of an asymmetricalcrescent. This Paralympic symbol was approved in April, 2003 and was first used in the 2006 ParalympicWinter Games in Turin, Italy.


Paralympics Flag

The Paralympic flag has a white background with the Paralympic symbol in the centre.

Flame and Torch Relay

In the Paralympic flame and torch relays, the flame travels through the regions of the host country. In 2013,the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) declared that UK will be involved in all flame and torch relaysof the Paralympic games in order to commamorate the Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Buckinghampshire, as thebirthplace of the Paralympic movement. On the day of the opening ceremony, the flame reaches the mainstadium and is used to light a cauldron situated in a prominent part of the venue to signify the beginning ofthe games. It is then kept burning throughout the games till the closing ceremony, when it is extinguished tosignify the end of the Paralympic games.

Medals

The Paralympic medals are awarded to the top three sports persons in different events. A gold medal isawarded to the winner, followed by a silver medal to the first runner-up and a bronze medal to the secondrunner-up.

For every Paralympic games, the medals are designed differently and reflect the host of the games.

Paralympics Oath

The Paralympic oath is a solemn promise made by all athlete participating in—as a representative of each ofthe participating Paralympic competitors; and by one judge—as a representative of each officiating Paralympicreferee or other official, at the opening ceremony of every Paralympic games. The athlete from the team of theorganising country holds a corner of the Paralympic flag while reciting the oath.

“In the name of all the competitors, We promise that we shall take part in these Paralympic games,respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without doping andwithout drugs, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and the honour of our teams.”

The judge, also from the host nation, holds a corner of the flag but takes a slightly different oath.

Paralympics Order

The Paralympic order is the highest tribute a person connectedwith the Paralympic movement can achieve. It honours peoplewho have exemplified the Paralympic ideals through theiractions, made remarkable strides in Paralympic sports orrendered outstanding services to the Paralympic cause. Therecipients get a medal with the IPC logo on it.

Paralympians at the Olympics

Paralympic athletes have sought equal opportunities to competeat the Olympic games. The precedent was set by Neroli Fairhall,a Paralympic archer from New Zealand, who competed at the1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

In 2008, Oscar Pistorius, a South African sprinter, attempted to qualify for the 2008 Summer Olympics.Pistorius had both his legs amputated below the knee and races with two carbon fibre blades manufacturedby Oscar. He holds Paralympic world record in the 400 meter event. Pistorius missed qualifying for the 2008Summer Olympics in the 400 meter race, by 0.70 seconds. He qualified for the 2008 Summer Paralympicswhere he won gold medals in the 100, 200, and 400 meter sprints. In 2011, Pistorius qualified for the 2012Summer Olympics and competed in two events: he made the semi-final in the 400 metres race; and his team


came 8th in the final of the 4 × 400 metres relay race. Even thoughall athletes are given equal opportunities to participate in theseevents, such as the 400 meter race, there has been growing criticismthat the games may not be fair to all athletes. For example, athletesrunning a race with a left prosthetic leg may have the disadvantagethan those with a right side prosthesis because the races are run inan anticlockwise direction, giving some athletes an advantage.

Some athletes without a disability also compete at theParalympics. The sighted guides for athletes with a visual impairmentare such a close and essential part of the competition that the athletewith visual impairment and the guide are considered a team, andboth athletes are medal winners.

Special OlympicsSpecial Olympics is the world’s largest sports organization forchildren and adults with intellectual disabilities and physicaldisabilities, providing year-round training and competitions to 5million athletes and Unified Sports partners in 172 countries. SpecialOlympics competitions are held every day, all around the world—including local, national and regional competitions, adding up tomore than 100,000 events a year. Like the International Paralympic Committee, the Special OlympicsOrganization is recognized by the International Olympic Committee; however, unlike the Paralympic games,Special Olympics World games are not held in the same year or in conjunction with the Olympic games.

The Special Olympics World Games is a major event put on by the Special Olympics. The World gamesalternate between summer and winter games, in two-year cycles, recurring every fourth year. The first gameswere held on July 20, 1968 in Chicago, Illinois, with about 1000 athletes from the U.S. and Canada. Internationalparticipation expanded in subsequent games. In 2003, the first summer games held outside the United Stateswere in Dublin, Ireland with 7000 athletes from 150 countries. The most recent World Summer games wereheld in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (The largest event in Special Olympics World games history), fromMarch 14 to 21, 2019. This was the first Special Olympics World games to be held in the Middle East. The nextWorld Summer games will be held in Berlin, Germany in 2023. This will be the first time that Germany hasever hosted the Special Olympics World games.

The first World Winter games were held in 1977 in Steamboat Springs, Colorado. Austria hosted thefirst Winter games outside the United States in 1993. The most recent Special Olympics World Winter gameswere held in Graz, Schladming and Ramsau, Austria from March 14, 2017 to March 25, 2017. During theWorld Winter games of 2013 in Pyeongchang, South Korea the first Special Olympics Global DevelopmentSummit was held on “Ending the Cycle of Poverty and Exclusion for People with Intellectual Disabilities,”gathering government officials, activists and business leaders from around the world. The next World WinterGames will be held in Åre and Östersund, Sweden between February 2 to 13, 2021. This will be the firsttime that Sweden has ever hosted the Special Olympics.

Symbols

The Special Olympics logo is based on the sculpture “Joy and Happiness to All the Children of the World” byZurabTsereteli which was a gift to SUNY Brockport when the university hosted the Special Olympics in1979. The logo has gone through several changes in its lifetime. The “stick figure” is an abstract but humanisticform designed to convey the impression of movement and activity. The logo is a symbol of growth, confidenceand joy among children and adults with disabilities who are learning coordination, mastering skills, participatingin competitions and preparing themselves for richer, more productive lives.


In 2018, the Chicago Park District erected the 9.1 m “Eternal Flame of Hope” in honor of the SpecialOlympics. The sculpture by Richard Hunt stands in a plaza next to Soldier Field, where the first games wereheld 50 years earlier in 1968. The Flame of Hope is the name given to the torch that is carried to and lit atSpecial Olympics games. As part of the Special Olympics 50th Anniversary celebration that year, a new missioncalled the “Inclusion Revolution” was launched.

Practice Questions 2.1

I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words)1. What are the objectives of Paralympic games?

2. What do you mean by Special Olympics?

3. Give detail on Special Olympics.

II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words)1. Describe in detail about the opening ceremony of Paralympics.

2. What are the objectives of Special Olympics?

2.2 Olympic Symbols, Ideals, Objectivesand Values of Olympism

Olympic SymbolThis is made up of five rings which are interconnected. These ringsrepresent universality of athletes of various nations of the world.These five rings stand for five continents—America, Africa, Australia,Asia and Europe. Each ring represents a particular continents whichwas suggested by P.B. De Coubertin.

(i) The blue ring represents the continent of America.

(ii) The black ring represents the continent of Africa.

(iii) The red ring represents the continent of Australia.

(iv) The yellow ring represents the continent of Asia.

(v) The green ring represents the continent of Europe.


Olympic MottoOlympic motto consist three Latin words:

Citius Altius Fortius

Faster Higher Stronger

These words mean that a person should always strive for faster, higher and stronger level.

Olympic FlameThe Olympic flame symbolizes knowledge, life and happiness. It is a sort ofsymbol of peace. This flame is ignited in the Olympic village of Greece andvarious players while running pass it on to one another and carry it to the placewhere Olympic games are being held. This flame is not allowed to extinguish.The flame keeps on burning till the Olympic games last.

Olympic FlagOn Baron de Coubertin’s suggestion Olympic flag was made in 1913. It wasinaugurated in Paris on 19 June, 1914 and it was first waved in Antwerp Olympicgames during 1920. It is made of white silk wherein 5 rings are interconnected.These rings represent the world’s five continents—America, Europe, Australia,Asia and Africa. Each ring has a different colour—yellow, green, red, blue and black. Their interconnectionsymbolizes cooperation and friendship. The white colour represents peace. The Olympic flag suggests that thegames should be played peacefully.

Olympic AwardThe first winner in Olympic games is given a gold medal; thesecond one a silver medal and the third one a Bronze medal.Apart from this each of the three players is given a diploma. Thenext five winners are given one diploma each. There are somegames in which joint 3rd place get bronze medal such as Wrestling,Boxing etc.


Olympic IdealBefore the start of the Olympics everybody remembers the famous quote of Bishop Pennsylvania—“The importantthing in Olympics is not to win, but to take part. The important thing in life is not the triumph; but struggle.The essential thing is not to have conquered but to have fought well”.

Olympic OathThis oath was initially written by Pierre De Coubertin which became a part from 1920 Antwerp Olympics.

In order to participate in Olympic games all athletes get together in thestadium and take oath in the opening ceremony of Olympic games. The countrywhich hosts Olympic games, one of its representatives holds the flag and comesforward. All participants including the athletes who hold their respective nationalflags come to their respective places. The athlete (representative) takes oath onbehalf of all athletes and all the athletes lifting their right hands repeat the wordsof oath taken by the representative athlete. In the name of all competitors, “Weswear that we shall take part in these Olympic games, respecting and abiding bythe rules that govern them, committing ourselves to a sport without dopping andwithout drugs, in the true spirit of sportsmanship, for the glory of sport and thehonor of our country.”

First time the oath regarding Doping and Drugs was taken in 2000 SydneyOlympic games.

Oath for Officials: In the name of all the judges and officials, “We swear that we shall officiate in theseOlympic games with complete impartiality, respecting and abiding by the rules which govern them in the truespirit of sportsmanship.”

Objectives of Olympic GamesThe following objectives can be achieved through Olympic games:

(i) Developing the spirit of patriotism and brotherhood in players.(ii) Diverting the attention of all countries towards physical education and sports competitions.

(iii) Developing personality, character, social qualities and health among youth.(iv) Formation of good habit among young so that they may lead a happy and prosperous life.(v) No discrimination on the basis of caste, colour and creed.

(vi) To develop the unity, brotherhood and coordination amongst the different nations.(vii) To make a peaceful and good universe.

Olympic ValuesIf we look at the objectives of Olympic games, we come to learn that Baron De Coubertin wanted to developvalues through Olympic games. The following values can be developed through Olympic movement:

1. Brotherhood: Olympic movement is instrumental in developing brotherhood when players of differentcountries play together, come together, sit together, dine together—they develop unity amongthemselves. Thus brotherhood develops.

2. Impartial game: The Olympic games provide opportunities for impartial games. These games arebased on justice. So, each player and each team should be judged fairly. Rules and regulations shouldbe applied to each and every team. There should be no partiality towards a specific team or player.The sports officials should be true to their words and actions. “Live by code or get out”—such slogansshould be raised.


3. No discrimination: According to the suggestion of Mr. Coubertin, there should not be anydiscrimination on the basis of caste, colour and creed. Olympic games promote the spirit of brotherhoodand try to abolish discrimination. The players of different countries, cultures, tradition, and caste—take part. They should not treated unfairly. The players forget their background or roots and theyhelp promote Olympic values. But exceptions are always there. In 1972, Olympic games in Munich,Israelli players were killed ruthlessly. In 1936, Berlin Olympic Jesse Owens bagged four gold medalsbut on the grounds of racial discrimination. Adolf Hitler refused to honor Jese Owens, some countrieshave vested interest in these games. They want to prove that they are a better than the othercountries. But it can’t be stated that Olympic movement has failed to promote values, we should havepositive outlook so that values may be promoted through Olympic movement.

4. Friendship: Olympic movement presents such opportunities as instrumental in developing friendshipnot only among players but also among countries. Players of different countries come to take part inOlympic games. When they get together, they become friends. Even when there is tension going onbetween two countries, they come close to one another through Olympic games.

5. Respect: This value motivates the players to show sportsman spirit. Every player should retrospectand also respect the opponents, rules of game and environment.

6. Values—friendship, brotherhood, unbiased sports and partiality free: It can be said thatOlympic plays an important role in development of these values but a dark side of Olympics is alsoseen. Many countries participate in Olympics just to show their superiority on other countries. Thisis also a downfall of these values that many countries of the world boycotted 1980 Moscow Olympicsand 1984 Los Angeles Olympics. The Olympic movement fails to develop the above said values. Thereshould a positive thinking towards these values so that these values can be developed.

7. Excellency: This value motivates a person to give the best performance on field and outside the field.


I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words)1. Explain the Olympic symbols.

2. Write down about the Olympic Ideals.

II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words)1. Explain the objectives of Olympics.

2. Explain the values of Olympic games.

3. Write a note about “Are Olympic games free from partiality.”

4. What is the importance of five rings in the Olympic flag?


2.3 International Olympic CommitteeThe headquarters of Olympic Committee is situated at Lausanne, Switzerland. It was formed on 23 June, 1894by Pierre Baron De Coubertin. This committee is comprised of 105 active members and 32 honorary members.Its first president was a Greek named Demetrius Vikelas.

This committee once every four years holds summer and winter modern Olympic games. This committeeorganized the first summer Olympic games in 1896 in the Greek city Athens. And the first winter Olympicgames were organized in 1924 in Chamonix, France. Till 1992, summer games, to help space the planning ofthe two events two years apart from each other. The first summer youth Olympic Games were organized in2010 in Singapore, whereas the first youth winter Olympic games were organized in 2012 in Innsbruck, cityin Austria.

Governing CouncilIn International Olympic Committee, there are members of different countries. In present there are15 members which constitute 1 President, 4 Vice-Presidents, and 10 Executive Board Members. They are asfollows:

1. President: The President of International Olympic Committee is chosen by the members of thiscommittee. The President tenure is for 8 years. After the expiry of his tenure his period can beextended once only for four years.

2. Vice-President: International Olympic Committee has four Vice-President. They too are chosen bythe member of International Olympic Committee. Their tenure is for 4 years. After the expiry of theirtenure they can be chosen again if the members desire so.

3. Executive Board: The Executive Board is chosen by the members of different countries in a secretballot. The Executive Board of International Olympic Committee is held responsible for theadministration of International Olympic Committee and the management of its affairs.

Functions of International Olympic CommitteeIOC does different functions which are as follows:

(i) The venue where the Olympic games will be organized is decided by this committee.

(ii) To elect the new members, proper functioning of sports programmes, and selection of host city.

(iii) The promotion of sports/games.

(iv) Fight against doping.

(v) Making rules and regulation for the smooth functioning of games.

(vi) To encourage the different organizations for the support by social and economical way to the players.

(vii) It encourages and supports the promotion of ethics in sports as well as in education of youth throughsports.

(viii) To motivate the culture and education combined along with sports.

(ix) Fight against political or commercial abuse of sports and athletes.

(x) Encouraging and supporting the promotion of women in sports at all levels.

(xi) Acting against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic movement.

(xii) To motivate the development of sports.

(xiii) Taking action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of the Olympicmovement.



I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words)1. Explain main features the International Olympic Committee.

II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words)

1. Explain the main functions of International Olympic Committee.

2.4 Indian Olympic AssociationIndian Olympic Association was founded in 1927. Sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren became the founderPresident and Secretary General respectively. Sir Dorabji Tata was also the first member of IOC. Its membersare chosen once every four years. This committee is comprised of a president, 9 Vice Presidents, 6 Secretaries,one Honorary Treasurer. Apart from this, 12 representatives of national sports committee and the representativeof State Olympic Committee are also included. After some time, Sir Dorabji Tata resigned from his post. Afterthat Shri Bhupinder Singh, Maharaja of Patiala became the President. India participated for the first time in1928 Amsterdam Olympic games and won Gold in Hockey. From that time onwards IOA is working continuouslyfor Olympic movement.

IOA is responsible for the participation in Olympic games and some other games such as—Asian games,Commonwealth games etc. All sports federations work to help IOA.

Objectives of Indian Olympic AssociationThe objectives of Indian Olympic Association are mentioned below:

(i) Development and promotion of the Olympic movement.(ii) Enforcement of all rules and regulation of the International Olympic Committee and Indian Olympic

Association.(iii) To be the official organizations in complete form and whole charge of all the matters related to

Olympic event.(iv) Promotion and encouragement of the physical, moral and cultural education of the young people of

the nation so that their character can be developed.(v) Admitting the membership of the state Olympic Association and national sports federation for which

submission of their annual reports and audited statement of accounts are necessary. These documentsshould be deposited to the IOA for information.

(vi) To be a government organization and control the related matters.(vii) To undertake with assistance of national sports federations the financial management, transportation,

maintenance and welfare of teams from India taking part in the Olympic games and other gameswhich are organized under the patronage of IOC.

(viii) To suggest the names of selected participants to participate in Olympic games.(ix) To take disciplinary action against any federation for misbehavior or any other undesirable activity

bringing discredit to the country.(x) In cooperation with the National Sports Federation/Associations IOA organizes and control selection,

training, coaching of the teams that will represent India.(xi) To enforce and defend the exclusive rights of the association to use the Olympic flag and Olympic

insignia.(xii) To organize national and international competitions.


(xiii) To remove the discrimination of caste, religion, color and area etc.(xiv) To apply the code of conduct of World Anti-Doping Agency.

Functions of Indian Olympic Association(i) To promote Olympic movement.

(ii) To organise the games at national and international level.(iii) To give names and to support the players to participate at interactional level.(iv) To synchronize between different federations and Indian government.(v) To make a healthy relationship amongst the different state federations, State Olympic Associations

and National Federations and Associations.


I. Short–I Question Answers (3 Marks, 100 Words)1. Explain the functions of Indian Olympic Association.

II. Short–II Question Answers (5 Marks, 200 Words)1. Explain in details about the establishment and objectives of Indian Olympic Association.

Multiple Choice Type QuestionsMultiple Choice Type QuestionsMultiple Choice Type QuestionsMultiple Choice Type QuestionsMultiple Choice Type Questions1. The Paralympic games are organized with the .......... .

(a) Olympic games (b) Football(c) Cricket (d) Asian games

2. The first Winter Paralympic games were held in ............ .(a) 1976 (b) 1978(c) 1974 (d) 2002

3. IOC was formed in ............ .(a) 1886 (b) 1894(c) 1892 (d) 1890

4. Olympic games were organized in the honour of god ............ .(a) Hercules (b) Theondosis(c) Zues (d) Posedon

5. How many rings Olympics symbol has:(a) Three (b) Four(c) Five (d) Six

6. “The important thing in Olympics are not to win but to ........... .”(a) Loose (b) To take part(c) Struggle (d) Over look

7. When was the oath regarding doping and drugs was taken?(a) 1990 (b) 1920(c) 2010 (d) 2000

8. By whom Olympic oath was initially written?(a) Alexander (b) Pierre De Coubertin(c) Richard Hixson (d) None of these


9. What is the main objective of Olympic games?(a) To make a peaceful and good universe(b) No discrimination on the basis of caste and colour(c) Drawing the attention of all countries towards Physical Education and Sports Competition(d) All the above

10. Gold medal is given to .............. .(a) The last winner (b) Runner up(c) Second last winner (d) The first winner

11. I.O.C. which year Los Angeles Olympic was boycotted?(a) 1980 (b) 1996(c) 1984 (d) 1988

12. The white colour of flag represents the ............ .(a) Peace (b) Hate(c) Shining (d) Brightness

13. The headquarters of IOC is situated at ......... .(a) New York (b) Paris(c) Switzerland (d) France

14. IOC was formed on .......... .(a) 23 June 1894 (b) 26 January, 1950(c) 12 October, 1894 (d) 25 December, 1948

15. Tenure for the President of International Olympic Committee is ........... .(a) 10 years (b) 5 years(c) 8 years (d) 20 years

16. Indian Olympic Association was founded in ........... .(a) 1927 (b) 1937(c) 1827 (d) 1935

17. Name the first member of Indian Olympic Committee.(a) Jawaharlal Nehru (b) Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel(c) Sir Dorabji Tata (d) M.K. Gandhi

18. The first Olympic games were started in(a) Olympia valley (b) Africa(c) America (d) India

19. The colour of each ring was proposed by:(a) Pierre de Coubertin (b) Bishop Pennsylvania’s(c) Dr. Noehren (d) Sir Dorabji Tata

20. The Sermon “The important thing in olympic is not to win, but to take part” is given by:(a) Pierre de Coubertin (b) Bishop Pennsylvania’s(c) Dr. Noehren (d) Sir Dorabji Tata

21. Citius, Altius, Fortius means respectively:(a) Faster, higher, stronger (b) Higher, stronger, faster(c) Higher, faster, stronger (d) Faster, stronger, higher

22. When and where 11 players of Isreal were murdered ruthlessely:(a) Munich Olympic games at 1972 (b) Mosco Olympic 4 at 1980(c) Los Angeles at 1984 Olympics (d) none of these


23. Who was the first President of IOC:(a) Jamshedji (b) Sir Dorabji Tata(c) Coubertin (d) Demitrios vikelas

24. IOC organises the Modern Olympic Games in every ............. years:(a) Two (b) Three(c) Four (d) Five

25. IOA was established in ..............(a) 1920 (b) 1925(c) 1927 (d) 1930

26. ............. and ............. became the founder President and Secretary General respectively:(a) Sir Dorabji Jamshedji Tata and Dr. Noehren (b) Dr. Noehren and Bhupinder Singh(c) Bhupinder Sing and Coubertin (d) None of these

27. The first summer Olympic games by IOC were held in which year?(a) 1986 (b) 1896(c) 1894 (d) 1956

28. Olympic games started in ............... in ................?(a) Olympia valley, 776 BCE (b) California, 786 BCE(c) California, 886 BCE (d) Olympia, 896 BCE

29. Match the following:(a) 400 yard walking (i)720 BCE(b) 3 miles race (ii)724 BCE(c) pentathlon (iii)688 BCE(d) Boxing (iv)708 BCE(a) a:1; b:2; c:3; d:4 (b) a:2; b:1; c:4; d:3(c) a:1; b:3; c:2; d:4 (d) a:2; b:3; c:1; d:4

30. Coubertin was born in .............. on .............. .(a) Paris; 1 Jan 1862 (b) Germany; 2 Jan 1954(c) Egypt; 1 Jan 1963 (d) Kazakistan; 28 Jan 2003

31. Olympic ratio was coined by .............. in .............. .(a) Mahatma Gandhi, 2005 (b) Father Didon, 1895(c) Coubertin, 1999 (d) Barak Obama, 2001

32. Olympic flag was created in .............. by ..............(a) 1915, Donald Trump (b) 1913, Baron de Coubertin(c) 2011, Obama (d) 1913, Mahatma Gandhi

33. The vice president of IOC are elected for .............. years :(a) 4 years (b) 5 years(c) 6 years (d) 8 years

34. Total no. of members of IOC:(a) 15 (b) 16(c) 17 (d) 18

35. In which language in does Citius Altius Fortius is(a) Latin (b) German(c) Spanish (d) Italian

36. What is the meaning of atius?(a) faster (b) sharper(c) higher (d) stranger


37. In IOA when and from which part sir Dorabji Jamshedji resigned:(a) 1928, Chief Minister (b) 1929, President(c) 1928, President (d) 1930, President

38. Olympic motto was coined by ..............(a) Mahatma Gandhi (b) Father Didon(c) Jawaharlal Nehru (d) Coubertin

39. Who gave the objectives of olympics:(a) Coubertin (b) Jamshedji Tata(c) Hitler (d) Thomas Bach

40. Olympics Flag was hosted for the first time at:(a) Paris (b) Antnerp Olympic Game(c) Olympic Stadium (d) Africa

41. Which of the following is not a colour in olympic flag:(a) Blue (b) Green(c) Black (d) Pink

42. The interlocking of rings in flag symbolises:(a) Love (b) Friendship(c) Sportsmanship (d) Contol

43. Five rings represent,(a) Continents (b) Nation(c) Value (d) Persons

44. Olympic flag was created in:(a) 1913 (b) 1914(c) 1920 (d) 1947

45. The current President of IOC:(a) Thomas bach (b) Narendra Modi(c) Penusylvania (d) Coubertin

46. Headquaters of IOC are in:(a) India (b) Switzerland(c) Paris (d) Pakistan

47. ............. was the first elected member of IOA:(a) Sachin Tendulkar (b) Dorabji Tata(c) Virat Kohli (d) PV Sindhu

48. The IOC Executive Board has .............. no. of Presidents, .............. Vice President, .............. othermembers:(a) 1, 4, 10 (b) 1, 5, 15(c) 1, 5, 10 (d) 5, 3, 15

Documents

Unit 2 Olympic Value Education - nebula.wsimg.com