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Unit 2: Graphical Relationships
Sprayberry
Physics
Physics Comp BookUNIT 2: Graphical RelationshipsCopy GPS listed on the LTA. Circle the verbs; underline the
nouns. Page Contents 10 Concept Map: Graphical Relationships 11 independent variable / dependent variable 12 x-axis, y-axis 13 slope / 14 Example: Translating Graphs 15 Lab SUMUPS:
* Moving Man Internet Lab* Running Man
p. 9
Concept Map: Graphical Relationships
GraphingBasics Slope
on position vs. time
on velocity vs. time
on acceleration vs. time
= velocity!
= acceleration!
= zero(in our class)
•X-axis
•Y-axis
•independent & dependent variables
•Reading graphs
RiseRun
Graphing Basics: Labeling the axes
Scientists have rules for choosing which variable is graphed on which axis.
On the X-axis (horizontal) is the independent variable
On the Y-axis (vertical) is the dependent variable
Which is the x-axis and which is y-axis?
Graphing Basics:indep vs. dep variables So what are the independent
variable and dependent variables?
The independent variable is not affected by the changing dependent variable.
The dependent variable changes as the independent variable.
In other words, the dependent variable DEPENDS on the independent variable.
Independent or dependent? Time vs. position Time vs. velocity Time vs. acceleration
Where would these go on the graph?
Graphing Basics: more on variables…
Time (as in a particular moment in time) is TYPICALLY the INDEPENDENT variable.
In this class, if time is graphed, it is on the x-axis.
Think about it: nothing stops time.
Time doesn’t change with speed; speed changes with time.
Independent or dependent? Time vs. position Time vs. velocity Time vs. acceleration
Where would these go on the graph?
Frayer Models for: x, y axis & independent and dependent variables
Definition:
Examples:How to remember:
Picture:
Graphing Basics: Slope
The slope of a line describes its steepness. It is the ratio of the vertical change (called the rise) to the horizontal change (called the run).
slope = rise vertical change run horizontal change
Let’s look at the slope of this line: We can use any two points on the
line (the slope of a line is constant). What is the rise? What is the run?
Finding slope --practice
Another example: Find the slope— slope = rise vertical change
run horizontal change
GRAPHING MOTIONUse a DISTANCE/TIME GRAPH
-Time = X axis
-Distance = Y axis
A graph of constant speed will represent the motion with a straight
lineTo show two constant speeds which are
different, you use SLOPE = steepness of the line =
speed
Steeper the slope = faster the speed
Constant Versus Changing Speed
time
spee
d
time
spee
dCONSTANT SPEED CHANGING SPEED
GRAPHING MOTION
A graph of changing speed will have a zig-zag or curved line
Putting it all together
TIME
DIS
TA
NC
E
FASTEST CONSTANT SPEED
SLOWER CONSTANT SPEED
CHANGING SPEED
What is the slope of this part of the line?
Putting it all together
10 20 300
200
600
1000
What is the average speed (slope) during the 10 min to 20 min period?
Change in distance = 1200-600 = 600m
Amount of time = 20-10 = 10 min
Avg. Speed = change in distance (600 m)
Amount of time (10 min)= 60 m/min
Frayer for Slope
Definition:
How to calculate:
Picture:
What to remember:
What does slope mean?