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Unit 2: Grammar lesson
English 101C
Prefixes & suffixes are grammatical “affixes.” We use them to change the meaning of a base word.
Prefixes are added before a base word.UN + HAPPY = UNHAPPY
Suffixes are added after a base word.HELP + FUL = HELPFUL
Prefixes and suffixes can be used at the same time. PRE + HISTORY + IC = PREHISTORIC
Prefix meaning examples Prefix meaning examples
Anti- against antisocial, antioxidant
Hyper- Over, more Hyperactive, hyperdrive
Co- with copilot, coworker
Non- Not, without Nonviolent, non-smoking
De- Off, away from
devalue, deactivate
Mis- Wrong or incorrect
Misinform, mistrust
Dis- not disappear, disregard
Pre-, pro- before Precede, project
En- Put into enclose, enrich
Sub- under Submarine, subatomic
Ex- Out of, former
Extract, ex-president
Trans- across Transmit, transverse
Il-, im-, in-, ir-
Not, without Illegal, immoral, inadequate, irregular
Un- not Unfinished, unhappy, unusual
Suffix meaning examples Suffix meaning examples
- acy state or quality
privacy, democracy
-ment condition of argument, refreshment
- al act or process of
refusal, disposal
-ness state of being
happiness, kindness
-ance, -ence state or quality of
maintenance, eminence
-sion, -tion state of being
transition, concession
-er, -or one who trainer, protector
-ship position held friendship, fellowship
-ism doctrine, belief
communism, consumerism
-ate become eradicate, agitate
- ist, one who chemist, typist
-en become enlighten, whiten
-ity, -ty quality of ability, cruelty
-ize become civilize, santize
suffix meaning examples suffix meaning examples
-able, -ible capable of being Edible, presentable
-ive Having the nature of
Creative, festive
-al pertaining to Regional, hormonal
-less without Endless, helplesss
-esque Reminiscent of Picturesque, romanesque
-y Characterized by
Lazy, sunny
-ful Notable for Beautiful, helpful
-il, ile Pertaining to, capable of
Civil, docile
-ic, -ical Pertaining to musical, mystic
-ous Full of nauseous, ludricrous
-ious, -ous Characterized by hilarious, heinous
-ose Full of verbose, glucose
-ish Having the quality of
girlish, foolish
-ly Having the attributes of
Quickly, lovely
1. Valerie is unable to attend the party2. The students were misinformed about their homework.3. The food disappeared from the table.4. The fireworks illuminated the sky.5. The veterinarian declawed the cats.6. When he drinks beer, he acts foolish.7. Tom ate some bad fish and felt nauseous.8. The loudness of the speakers hurt my ears.9. The line for the tickets seemed endless.10. I like going to festive parties.