Temporals and ConditionalsUNIT 13

96

Unit 13 Temporals and Conditionals

1

2

5

1 a. If you mix blue and red, you get purple. b. If you mix blue and red, you would get purple.

2 a. Call us as soon as you will get there. b. Call us as soon as you get there.

3 a. Our mother will be happy if we eat all our vegetables. b. Our mother was happy if we eat all our vegetables.

4 a. If I were you, I would apologise. b. If I were you, I had apologised.

5 a. Tim wouldn’t have hurt his neck if he didn’t fall off his bike. b. Tim wouldn’t have hurt his neck if he hadn’t fallen off his bike.

6 a. If I would live in Africa, I wouldn’t be so cold. b. If I lived in Africa, I wouldn’t be so cold.

Grammar Practice

A With a partner, ask and answer the questions below. Use full sentences.

1. What will you do when you get home?

2. What will you do once you have completed school?

3. What is the first thing you will buy when you have some money?

4. What will happen if there is no electricity tomorrow morning?

5. Who would you like to meet if you had the opportunity?

6. What would you do if you found €100?

7. If you had to go and live somewhere else, what would you miss most?

8. What will happen if you forget to bring your books to school?

Conditionals

Zero Conditional

First Conditional

Second Conditional

Third Conditional

Examples

Water freezes if it reaches 0°C.

If you invite him to the party, he will come.

Go to bed if you are tired. You can go on the trip if the weather clears up.

I would visit my grandmother more often if I had more time. (but I don’t have more time)If he studied harder, he could get better marks.

If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.

If Ann had come on time, she would have met Jim. (but she didn’t come on time)

Conditional Clause

If + Present Simple

If + Present Simple

If + Present Simple If + Present Simple

If + Past Simple

If + Past Perfect

Main Clause (Result)

Present Simple

Future Simple

imperative modal

would + bare infinitive

would + have + past participle

Use

to talk about general truths or scientific facts

to talk about future possibilities or to give people orders

1. to talk about imaginary situations in the present or future

2. to give advice

to talk about situations in the past that we cannot change

Form

B Study the rules. Then check your answers to Exercise A.

Temporals

A Choose the correct sentence for each picture.

4

Notes 1. When a sentence begins with if or a temporal, the conditional / temporal clause must be followed by a comma.

There is no comma after a result clause. If you give me your address, I will write to you. I will write to you if you give me your address.As soon as Tina arrives, we will have lunch. We will have lunch as soon as Tina arrives.

2. Unless is often used instead of if not.We will play football this afternoon unless it rains. (if it doesn’t rain)

3. In the second conditional, we usually use were instead of was.I would ask Jim if he were here now.

4. We can use could and might instead of would in the second and third conditionals.

Time expressions: when, before, after, till, until, once, as long as, as soon as, by the time, the moment

3

Time Clause

Present Simple

Present Simple

Present Simple

Main Clause

Future Simple

imperative

modal

Use

to introduce time clauses with a future meaning

Form Examples

As soon as he phones, I’ll let you know.I will phone her the moment I get home.I won’t leave till you are ready.

Wash your hands before you have lunch.

You can use my car as long as you drive carefully.

6

97

98 99

Unit 13 Temporals and Conditionals

begin

will buy

F Read the situations and complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Mr Smith wants to buy a new car but he must first earn more money. Mr Smith ............................................. (buy) a new car once he ............................................. (earn) more money.

2. We got lost because Kevin forgot the map. We ............................................... (not get) lost if Kevin ............................................... (not forget) the map.

3. Lynn was late because her car broke down. Lynn ............................................... (not be) late if her car ............................................... (not break down).

4. I really want to succeed so I am going to practise every day. If I ............................................... (practise) every day, I ............................................... (succeed).

5. Pam wants to buy a new dress but she doesn’t have enough money. If Pam ............................................... (have) more money, she ............................................... (buy) a new dress.

6. I’m busy so I’m not meeting my friends tonight. If I ............................................... (not be) so busy, I ............................................... (meet) my friends tonight.

7. This cake is for everyone who loves chocolate. If you ............................................... (like) chocolate, you ............................................... (love) this cake.

8. I must be careful not to break the glass. I ............................................... (not break) this glass as long as I ............................................... (be) careful.

9. Jim was nervous so he didn’t play well. If Jim ............................................... (not be) so nervous, he ............................................... (play) better.

10. Bill will only help you with your homework if he has time. Bill ............................................... (not help) you with your homework unless he ...............................................

(have) time.

G Complete the text using the correct form of the words in brackets.

earns

B Match to make sentences.

1. If you are lonely, ..... a. until he catches the dangerous criminal.

2. I won’t watch TV ..... b. I would study harder.

3. If you had worn a coat, ..... c. the party could have been outside.

4. If I were you, ..... d. you should call a friend.

5. The police officer won’t give up ..... e. unless there is an interesting programme on.

6. If fewer people drove cars, ..... f. you wouldn’t have been cold.

7. As soon as I find Jim’s number, ..... g. there would be less traffic.

8. If it hadn’t rained, ..... h. I will call him.

C Complete the text using the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use Present Simple and Future Simple.

D Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. If I made my own clothes, I ................................................... (save) a lot of money.

2. If I ................................................... (be) you, I wouldn’t accept that offer.

3. What ........................ you ........................ (do) if you won the lottery?

4. I ................................................... (not drive) so fast if I were you.

5. I would have arrived on time if my watch ................................................... (not stop).

6. Gary ................................................... (enjoy) the play if he had come to the theatre with us.

7. If I had known Tim’s address, I ................................................... (might visit) him when I was in Rome.

8. We would have gone on a picnic if the weather ................................................... (not be) so bad yesterday.

E Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. I .................................... (miss) you if you move to London.

2. What would you do if you .................................... (not have) homework today?

3. I .................................... (not talk) to John if he hadn’t called me.

4. We .................................... (leave) without Bill unless he comes soon.

5. .................................... you .................................... (can eat) pizza every day if you lived in Italy?

6. If Mary .................................... (not phone) home soon, she will be in trouble.

7. If Vicky had seen that spider, she .................................... (scream)!

8. If I .................................... (not be) so tired, I would go out tonight.

9. He .................................... (not fall) if he had been more careful.

10. As soon as I see Mr Brown, I .................................... (give) him the message.

Welcome to the Nabonga Wildlife Reserve! Before we (1) ............................... (begin) our tour of the reserve, I (2) ............................... (explain) some of our rules. First of all, please try to make as little noise as possible. If the animals (3) ............................... (hear) a sudden noise, they (4) ............................... (run) away. Secondly, as soon as some of the monkeys (5) ............................... (see) you, they (6) ............................... (beg) for food. Please don’t give them any – human food is not good for them. Finally, (7) ............................... (not leave) the bus unless there (8) ............................... (be) an emergency.

I promise that you (9) ............................... (have) an enjoyable and memorable visit to the Nabonga Wildlife Reserve if you (10) ............................... (observe) these rules.

NABONGA WILDLIFE RESERVE NABONGA WILDLIFE RESERVE

would save

will miss

What (1) ............................................. (your parents / do) if you (2) ............................................. (not come) home on time? Call your friends? Or maybe even call the police?

From now on, your parents won’t need to worry. Fortunately, there is a new invention: the Wherify Watch. When you (3) ............................................. (wear) it, your parents (4) ............................................. (always be able to find) you.

How does it work? The watch sends a signal to a satellite in space, which records where the signal is. Parents can then check a private website and find out where their children are.

The Wherify Watch is very useful in case of emergency. If anything (5) ............................................. (happen) to you, just press the emergency button on your watch and it (6) ............................................. (send) a signal to the police. Parents are very happy with this new invention. One happy parent, Jane Smith said, “If the Wherify Watch (7) ............................................. (not invent), I wouldn’t have let my son go on a long hike last week.”

would your parents do

THE WHERIFY WATCH

1

99

548

6

23

7

will run

isdon’t leave

will have

will explainhear

will begsee

observe

werewould do

hadn’t stopped

might have visitedwould have enjoyed

hadn’t been

wouldn’t drive

didn’t havewouldn’t have talked

will leaveCould eat

doesn’t phonewould have screamed

weren’twouldn’t have fallen

will give

won’t break am

won’t help has

practise will succeed

like

weren’t

had

would meet

would buy

wouldn’t have got

will love

hadn’t been

wouldn’t have been late hadn’t broken down

hadn’t forgotten

would have played

didn’t come

wearwill always be able to find

happens

will send

hadn’t been invented

100 101

Unit 13 Temporals and Conditionals

5

1

6

FORGETFULFORGETFUL

4

3

2

B Read the sentences and match them to the correct definition in Exercise A.

1. I am sorry that I blew up earlier. ......

2. You need to blow up the tires on your bicycle. ......

3. What a great picture. You should blow it up! ......

4. Yesterday they blew up an old building in town. It made a huge noise! ......

5. The helicopter took off an hour late. ......

6. Sue’s singing career took off after her first concert. ......

7. Jane took off her coat and sat down. ......

8. Suddenly, Mary took off and we never saw her again. ......

If I .......................................... John,

I .......................................... home.

I ..........................................

if it .......................................... this afternoon.

H Read about Mary and write what she is thinking.

1. Mary was late for school because she missed the bus.

2. It is probably going to rain this afternoon and Mary is thinking about staying at home.

3. Her friend John isn’t feeling well. She thinks he should go home.

I .......................................... if I

.......................................... the bus.

wouldn’t have been late

hadn’t missedI ..........................................

Kate last night if

I .......................................... number.

If .......................................... more time,

I .................................................. all day!

If you .......................................... the

answer, .......................................... !

4. She has lost Kate’s number and that’s why she didn’t call her last night.

5. She loves playing computer games, but she doesn’t have time.

6. Her friend Helen doesn’t know the answer to the teacher’s question. Mary thinks she should guess.

b

My girlfriend Cathy was really angry at me.

I didn’t show up for a date we had arranged

for Saturday. The trouble is, I don’t keep a

diary. If I (1) ........................................... (keep) a

diary, I (2) ........................................... (not forget)

important meetings, dates and birthdays.

I realised something was wrong when Cathy

called me Saturday evening. She said “If

(3) ........................................... (you / not come)

here right now, I (4) ...........................................

(never speak) to you again!”

Last month, I almost forgot about her

birthday. If Sally (5) ...........................................

(not remind) me, I (6) ...........................................

(be) in trouble! Obviously, our relationship

(7) ........................................... (not last) very long

unless I (8) ........................................... (manage) to

be more organised. If I (9) ...........................................

(remember), I (10) ........................................... (buy)

a diary tomorrow.

kept

I Complete the text using the correct form of the verb in brackets. Use the first, second or third conditional.

✓1 432

8765

Phrasal Verbs with Multiple Meanings: blow up, take off

A Look at the pictures. Then match the phrasal verbs to their definitions below.

Move back. We are going to

blow up the bridge.How much will it cost to blow up these photos?

Take off your shoes! I’ve just cleaned the floor!

blow up ...... a. destroy something by an explosion

...... b. become very angry

...... c. make something larger

...... d. fill up something with air or gas

take off ...... e. leave the ground and begin to fly (plane, helicopter, etc.)

...... f. remove an item of clothing from your body

...... g. leave a place suddenly

...... h. become successful

I’m tired. Could you blow up the rest of the balloons?

You’re too late! The plane has just taken off.

John’s business is really taking off.

She took off without paying.

We must go now. Dad will blow up

if we come home late.

1

rains

would go

would have called / phoned

hadn’t lost her

I had

would play computer games

don’t know

(you should ) guess

may stay at home

wouldn’t forget

you don’t comewill never speak

would have been

won’t last

hadn’t reminded

manageremember

will buy

6

87

53

2

4

dc

eh

fg

a

were

102

Unit 13 Temporals and Conditionals

C Read the text below and think of a word which best fits each blank. Use only one word in each blank.

103

B Complete the sentences using words from Exercise A.

1. James is colour-blind, which means he can’t see the .................................... between red and green.

2. Lisa really annoys me. I have no .................................... for her silly questions.

3. Susan won’t watch .................................... films that show people getting hurt.

4. Listen carefully, I’ve got something .................................... to say.

5. In America and Britain, .................................... is measured in miles.

6. It was completely .................................... in the classroom. No one spoke.

7. I’m tired of living with my parents. I want more ..................................... .

8. Dolphins are beautiful animals and they’re also .................................... ; they understand a lot.

B2 Exam Practice

A Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

1. My advice to you is to go to bed early. were

If I ......................................................................................................... go to bed early.

2. You didn’t hurry so you missed the last train. not

If you had hurried, .................................................................................... the last train.

3. Janet will phone you the moment she gets home. soon

Janet will phone you ........................................................................................... home.

4. James takes this medicine because it makes him feel better. if

James wouldn’t take this medicine ....................................................... him feel better.

5. If you don’t help me, I’ll fail the test. unless

I’ll fail the test .......................................................................................................... me.

6. The two computers are about the same price. much

There is not ........................................................ in price between the two computers.

7. They didn’t listen to the teacher, so they didn’t know what to do. have

If they had listened to the teacher, they ..................................................... what to do.

8. You can’t just leave when you feel like it! off

You can’t just ................................................................................ when you feel like it!

We can form nouns by adding -ce to some adjectives that end in -t. To do this we delete the -t from the adjective.

violent violence distant

silent

intelligence

importance

excellent

independence

patient

difference

adjective noun

B Grammar and Vocabulary Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence.

1. If you ..... so much cake last night, you wouldn’t have felt sick.

a. wouldn’t eat b. didn’t eat c. hadn’t eaten d. wouldn’t have eaten

2. “What do you think about the offer?” “Well, I ..... it, if I were you.”

a. didn’t accept b. wouldn’t have accepted c. couldn’t accept d. wouldn’t accept

3. If you leave ice in the sun, ..... . a. it is melting b. it has melted c. it would melt d. it melts

4. Please let me know when ..... to go. a. you will be ready b. you are ready c. will you be ready d. are you ready

5. If we ..... such a good teacher last year, we wouldn’t have learned so much English.

a. didn’t have b. wouldn’t have had c. hadn’t had d. don’t have

6. “Where ..... if you could travel anywhere in the world?” “To Africa.”

a. would you go b. will you go c. would you have gone d. are you going

7. “Do you want me to wait for you?”“Yes, but only ..... in a hurry.”

a. if you didn’t b. if you don’t c. if you aren’t d. if you hadn’t been

8. Come in and ..... . a. take off your coat b. take over your coat c. put off your coat d. put your coat out

9. A straight line is the shortest ..... between two points. a. distance b. difference c. distant d. patience

10. Gayle is a very good pupil. She always gets ..... marks.

a. important b. intelligent c. excellent d. independent

difference

Word Building: suffixes -t -ce

A Complete the chart.

➝

➝

SKYD

IVING

How (1) ............................. you feel if somebody told you to jump out of a plane? Terrified? Curious? Or like most skydivers – absolutely thrilled?

Skydiving is a challenging and exciting sport. But (2) ............................. you want to learn this sport, you (3) ............................. study first. In fact, your instructor (4) ............................. not allow you to make your first jump (5) ............................. you have studied for at least 20 hours. Some people are very nervous on their first jump. Sometimes just before their first jump they say, “I’m crazy. I would never (6) ............................. started learning this sport if I (7) ............................. known how scary it looks from up here!” But (8) ............................. they fly through the sky, they quickly forget their fears!

distance silence intelligent important excellence independent patience different

patienceviolent

importantdistance

silentindependence

intelligent

were you, I would

you would not have missed

as soon as she gets

if it didn’t make

unless you help

much difference

would have known

take off

ifmust

havehad

willunless

when

would