Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs

ADJECTIVES

Describes a person, place, thing, or idea Describes only NOUNS and PRONOUNS Gives information about: size, shape, color,

texture, feeling, sound, smell, number, or condition of a noun or pronoun

Adjectives

What kind of?Which?How many?

Questions that Adjectives Answer

"The tall girl is riding a new bike." Tall tells us which girl we're talking about. New tells us what kind of bike we're talking about.

"The tough professor gave us the final exam." Tough tells us what kind of professor we're talking about. Final tells us which exam we're talking about.

"Fifteen students passed the midterm exam; twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen and twelve both tell us how many students; midterm and final both tell us which exam.

Examples:

Turn to page 458 Exercise 1 ODD ONLY Exercise 2 ALL

FIND THOSE ADJECTIVES!

Adjectives can be anywhere. Christina’s World is a haunting painting. Adjective to noun painting

Predicate Adjectives

Remember those linking verbs??? If an adjective follows a linking verb it is called a

PREDICATE ADJECTIVE

Christina’s World is inspired.

Add that to the Predicate

A AN THE = Articles

A and AN are indefinite articles because they refer to general people, places, things, ideas

Use A before a noun that begins with a consonant

Use AN before a noun that begins with a vowel sound.

Sounds are not spellings: an hour

Articles and Proper Adjectives

THE is a definite article because it refers to specific people, places, things, or ideas

PROPER ADJECTIVES Formed from proper nouns. A proper

adjective always begins with a capital letter.

The Italian statue is on exhibit in Houston museum.

Articles and Proper Adjectives

-an MexicoMexican

MoroccoMoroccan

AlaskaAlaskan

-ese ChinaChinese

BaliBalinese

SudanSudanese

-ian CanadaCanadian

ItalyItalian

AsiaAsian

-ish SpainSpanish

IrelandIrish

TurkeyTurkish

Proper Adjectives Endings

Turn to page 460

Exercise 3 EVEN Exercise 4 EVEN

Forming Proper Adjectives

Comparative: compares two things Superlative: compares more than two

things

For most adjectives with one and some two syllable words, -er and –est are added.

Comparative: She is younger than the other.

Superlative: She is the youngest here.

Comparative and Superlative

For words with two or more syllables: Add more or most

The one next to it is more colorful. The painting is the most colorful in the

group.

NEVER use more or most with words ending in –er or –est.

Comparative and Superlative

ADJECTIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVEGOOD, WELL BETTER BEST

BAD WORSE WORST

MANY, MUCH MORE MOST

LITTLE LESS LEAST

Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms

Turn to page 462

Independently: exercise 5 all

With partner: exercise 6 all

Your TURN:

THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

They demonstrate or point out people, places, or things.

THIS and THAT Singular

THESE and THOSE Plural

Demonstratives

Point out something and describe nouns by answering the questions which one? or which ones?

This that these those can also be demonstrative pronouns.

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Adjectives

Demonstrative Pronouns

This painting is my favorite.

This is my favorite painting.

I like these kinds of paintings.

These are the paintings I like.

That portrait is well known.

That was the first stage.

He draws those sorts of pictures

Those are from his Cubist phase.

NEVER use HERE or THERE with demonstrative pronouns.

This here painting is very expensive.

NEVER use THEM instead of THOSE

I saw those pictures. (not them pictures)

NEVER

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With partner, complete exercise 7 all

Individually, complete exercise 8 odd

Your TURN

ADVERBS

An adverb is a word that modifies, or describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

ADVERBS

What Adverbs Modify

Verbs People handle old violins carefully.

Adjectives

Very old violins are valuable.

Adverbs Some violins are played extremely rarely.

How?◦ Many pianist play well with a large orchestra.

When?◦ Pianists sometimes play duets.

Where?◦ Some pianists play everywhere in the country.

Questions Adverbs Ask

Called INTENSIFIERS

VERY, QUITE, ALMOST, RARELY, TOO, NEVER...

If an adverb tells: to what extent?

IF an adverb modifies an adjective or adverb, it will come before it.

IF modifying a verb, the adverb can be different places.

PLACEMENT

Many adverbs end in -ly. Not all adverbs end in –ly.

What is the ending?

Afterward

Often There Hard

Sometimes

Soon Everywhere

Long

Later Here Fast Straight

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Exercise 9 all: independently

Exercise 10 with partner: odd

Your Turn

Comparative form of adverbs compare two actions

Superlative form of adverbs compare more than two actions

Comparative and Superlative ADVERBS

comparative

The audience listened more attentively last night than tonight.

superlative Last Sunday’s audience responded most enthusiastically of all.

comparative

Did the pianist play louder than the cellist?

superlative Did the drummer play the loudest of all?

ADVERB COMPARATIVE

SUPERLATIVE

WELL BETTER BESTBADLY WORSE WORSTLITTLE (AMOUNT)

LESS LEAST

Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms

Sometimes, less and least are used before short and long adverbs to form the negative I play less well. I play least accurately.

Exercise 11 even only with partner

Exercise 12 even only with partner

Turn to page 468

These two get confused when they follow a verb.

WHAT TO DO? Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?

If the verb is linking, the word is a Predicate adjective.

The musicians are professional. The musicians behaved professionally.

Using Adverbs and Adjectives

Bad or badly? Good or well?

Bad and Good are both adjectives used after linking verbs.

Badly is an adverb used after an action verb.

Well can be either.

USAGE? Which word???

If used to describe an adjective or adverb, the word WELL is an adverb.

If used after a linking verb to describe person’s health or appearance, the word WELL is an adjective.

WELL, GOOD, BAD

ADJECTIVE ADVERBThe sound is bad. The actor sang badly.The band sounds good. The band played well.The soloist seems well.

I feel bad. (sick)I am well. (healthy)

The dog smells well. (with his nose)

I acted badly.

REAL, SURE, AND MOST Adjectives

Really, Surely, Almost Adverbs

REAL, REALLY, SURE, SURELY, MOST, ALMOST

Adjective AdverbMusic is a real art. Music is really popular.A pianist needs sure hands. Piano music is surely popularMost pianos have 88 keys. Piano strings almost never break.

Exercise 13, all independently

Exercise 14, partner even

Turn to page 470

The adverb NOT is a negative word, expressing the idea of “no.”

Often appears as part of a contraction.

Double Negatives?

Is not = isn’t Cannot = can’t

Have not = haven’t

Was not = wasn’t

Could not = couldn’t

Had not = hadn’t

Were not = weren’t

Do not = don’t Would not= wouldn’t

Will not = won’t Did not = didn’t Should not = shouldn’t

NEGATIVE AFFIRMATIVEnever Ever, alwaysnobody Anybody, somebodynone One, all, some, anyNo one Everyone, someone,

anyonenothing Something, anythingNowhere Somewhere,

anywhere

Negative and Affirmative

Using two negative words in the same sentence is called a double negative.

Incorrect: The clarinet isn’t no new instrument.

Correct: The clarinet isn’t a new instrument. The clarinet is no new instrument.

Negative and Affirmative

Exercise 15, independently, odd

Exercise 16, partner, odd

Turn to page 472