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1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 1 January 23, 2017 Mar 2312:08 PM Unit 12: Acids & Bases Aim: What are the definitions and properties of an acid and a base? Click and reveal 3 pH is less than 7 Neutralizes a base to produce a salt and H 2 O Reacts with a metal to form H 2 (g) Taste Sour Properties of an Acid Turns Litmus Red Caustic and Corrosive Are electrolytes. (Dissociate and conduct electricity when aq) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

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Page 1: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

1

January 23, 2017

Mar 23­12:08 PM

Unit 12: Acids & Bases

Aim: What are the definitions and properties of an acid and a base?

Click and reveal 3

pH is less than 7

Neutralizes a base to produce a salt and H­2O

Reacts with a metal to form H2(g)

Taste Sour

Properties of an Acid

Turns Litmus Red

Caustic and Corrosive

Are electrolytes. (Dissociate and 

conduct electricity when aq)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Page 2: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

2

January 23, 2017

Jan 23­12:38 PM

Mar 23­1:31 PM

Acids will react with most metals to yield hydrogen gas through a single replacement reaction.

Properties of an Acid

Table J will tell you if a metal reacts with an acid.

Page 3: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

3

January 23, 2017

Mar 23­1:31 PM

Acids usually have an "H" in the beginning of the formula except for acetic acid, CH3COOH.

Properties of an Acid

Click and reveal 3

pH is greater than 7

Neutralizes an acid to produce a salt and H2O

Slippery

Are electrolytes. Dissociate and conduct electricity when (aq)

Tastes Bitter

Properties of a Base

Turns Litmus Blue

Caustic

1.

2.

4.

3.

5.

6.

7.

Page 4: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

4

January 23, 2017

Jan 23­12:39 PM

Mar 23­1:50 PM

NaOH → 

Bases will have a metal with an OH­ ion attached EXCEPT for ammonia, NH3.

Properties of a Base

BEWARE of the Imposters!CH3OH

Page 5: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

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January 23, 2017

Mar 23­2:10 PM

1) Ionic­ made up of a metal and a nonmetal OR polyatomic ions.

2) pH= 7, neutral.

3) All salts are electrolytes because they dissociate into ions.                      • All salt solutions contain mobile ions and conduct.• Also conduct when molten because ions become mobile.

4) Salts will form during neutralization reactions between an acid and a base.

Properties of a Salt

Mar 23­12:08 PM

Acid and Base Theories and Electrolytes

Aim: What are the differences between the Arrhenius and Alternate (Bronsted) acid­base theories?

Page 6: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

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January 23, 2017

Mar 25­9:01 PM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cPFx0wFuVs

Dissolving vs. Dissociation

Mar 23­1:54 PM

ElectrolytesElectrolyte ­ a substance that when aqueous dissociates and conducts electricity due to the presence of mobile ions.

ACIDS, BASES and SALTS are electrolytes.

The stronger the acid (most protonation of H+ ions), the better it conducts electricity.• Table K gives some of the strongest and best conducting acids.

Page 7: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

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January 23, 2017

Mar 23­2:35 PM

Non­Electrolytes

Covalent compounds, molecular solids, are nonelectrolytes and do not break up into ions solution.

Examples: C6H12O6 and CH3OH

DO NOT DISSOCIATE BECAUSE THERE ARE NO IONS PRESENT.

If a compound does not produce ions in solution it is a nonelectrolyte.

Mar 23­1:31 PM

Arrhenius Definition of an Acid

Arrhenius Acids ­ a substance that yields hydronium ions, H3O+ ions, as the only cation in solution.

a) HCl + H2O → 

Page 8: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

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January 23, 2017

Mar 23­1:50 PM

Arrhenius Definition of a Base

Arrhenius Base ­ a substance that yields hydroxide ions, OH­ ions as the only anion in solution

NaOH → 

Mg(OH)2 → 

May 3­10:03 AM

A.   Mg(OH)2 + H2O → Mg+2 + 2 OH­

B.    H2CO3 + H2O → H3O+ + HCO3­

1) Which equation represents the dissociation of an Arrhenius acid?

2) Which equation represents the dissociation of an Arrhenius base?

Page 9: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

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January 23, 2017

Mar 24­10:23 AM

Bronsted acid: A substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance. "Proton DONOR".

NH3  +  H2O  ↔  NH4+  +  OH­

Alternate Definition of an Acid

Bronsted base: A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance. "Proton ACCEPTOR."

Mar 24­10:23 AM

Bronsted base: A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance. Proton ACCEPTOR.

NH3  +  H2O  ↔  NH4+  +  OH­

Alternate Definition of a Base

Page 10: Unit 12: Acids Bases What are the definitions and properties€¦ · 1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook 3 January 23, 2017 Mar 231:31 PM Acids usually have an "H" in

1­Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook

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January 23, 2017

Mar 24­12:23 PM

Identify the Alternate (Bronsted) Acid and Base in each reaction:

1)  H2CO3 + H2O  → HCO3

­ + H3O+

2)  HSO4­ + H2O → H2SO4 + OH­­

Mar 24­12:23 PM

Practice Questions1) Which species is classified as a Bronsted acid?

A) CH3OH B) NaCl C) LiOH D) H2SO4

2) Which of the following substances will turn red litmus paper blue?A) CH3OH B) NaCl C) LiOH D) H2SO4

3) The compound NaOH can be described as an:A) arrhenius base and an electrolyte C) arrhenius acid and a nonelectrolyteB) arrhenius acid and an electrolyte D) arrhenius base and a nonelectrolyte

4) Which species donates H3O+ ions as the only positive ion in solution?A) HCl B) Mg(OH)2 C) CH4 D) BaF2

5) Given the reaction:

NH3 + HCl  → NH4Cl

In this reaction, ammonia molecules (NH3) act as a base because theyA) donate hydroxide ions (OH­) C) accept hydrogen ions (H+)B) accept hydroxide ions (OH­) D) donate hydrogen ions (H+)