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1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
1
January 23, 2017
Mar 2312:08 PM
Unit 12: Acids & Bases
Aim: What are the definitions and properties of an acid and a base?
Click and reveal 3
pH is less than 7
Neutralizes a base to produce a salt and H2O
Reacts with a metal to form H2(g)
Taste Sour
Properties of an Acid
Turns Litmus Red
Caustic and Corrosive
Are electrolytes. (Dissociate and
conduct electricity when aq)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Jan 2312:38 PM
Mar 231:31 PM
Acids will react with most metals to yield hydrogen gas through a single replacement reaction.
Properties of an Acid
Table J will tell you if a metal reacts with an acid.
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 231:31 PM
Acids usually have an "H" in the beginning of the formula except for acetic acid, CH3COOH.
Properties of an Acid
Click and reveal 3
pH is greater than 7
Neutralizes an acid to produce a salt and H2O
Slippery
Are electrolytes. Dissociate and conduct electricity when (aq)
Tastes Bitter
Properties of a Base
Turns Litmus Blue
Caustic
1.
2.
4.
3.
5.
6.
7.
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Jan 2312:39 PM
Mar 231:50 PM
NaOH →
Bases will have a metal with an OH ion attached EXCEPT for ammonia, NH3.
Properties of a Base
BEWARE of the Imposters!CH3OH
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 232:10 PM
1) Ionic made up of a metal and a nonmetal OR polyatomic ions.
2) pH= 7, neutral.
3) All salts are electrolytes because they dissociate into ions. • All salt solutions contain mobile ions and conduct.• Also conduct when molten because ions become mobile.
4) Salts will form during neutralization reactions between an acid and a base.
Properties of a Salt
Mar 2312:08 PM
Acid and Base Theories and Electrolytes
Aim: What are the differences between the Arrhenius and Alternate (Bronsted) acidbase theories?
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 259:01 PM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0cPFx0wFuVs
Dissolving vs. Dissociation
Mar 231:54 PM
ElectrolytesElectrolyte a substance that when aqueous dissociates and conducts electricity due to the presence of mobile ions.
ACIDS, BASES and SALTS are electrolytes.
The stronger the acid (most protonation of H+ ions), the better it conducts electricity.• Table K gives some of the strongest and best conducting acids.
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 232:35 PM
NonElectrolytes
Covalent compounds, molecular solids, are nonelectrolytes and do not break up into ions solution.
Examples: C6H12O6 and CH3OH
DO NOT DISSOCIATE BECAUSE THERE ARE NO IONS PRESENT.
If a compound does not produce ions in solution it is a nonelectrolyte.
Mar 231:31 PM
Arrhenius Definition of an Acid
Arrhenius Acids a substance that yields hydronium ions, H3O+ ions, as the only cation in solution.
a) HCl + H2O →
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 231:50 PM
Arrhenius Definition of a Base
Arrhenius Base a substance that yields hydroxide ions, OH ions as the only anion in solution
NaOH →
Mg(OH)2 →
May 310:03 AM
A. Mg(OH)2 + H2O → Mg+2 + 2 OH
B. H2CO3 + H2O → H3O+ + HCO3
1) Which equation represents the dissociation of an Arrhenius acid?
2) Which equation represents the dissociation of an Arrhenius base?
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 2410:23 AM
Bronsted acid: A substance that donates a proton (H+) to another substance. "Proton DONOR".
NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4+ + OH
Alternate Definition of an Acid
Bronsted base: A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance. "Proton ACCEPTOR."
Mar 2410:23 AM
Bronsted base: A substance that accepts a proton (H+) from another substance. Proton ACCEPTOR.
NH3 + H2O ↔ NH4+ + OH
Alternate Definition of a Base
1Acids Bases Salts and Electrolytes 2017.notebook
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January 23, 2017
Mar 2412:23 PM
Identify the Alternate (Bronsted) Acid and Base in each reaction:
1) H2CO3 + H2O → HCO3
+ H3O+
2) HSO4 + H2O → H2SO4 + OH
Mar 2412:23 PM
Practice Questions1) Which species is classified as a Bronsted acid?
A) CH3OH B) NaCl C) LiOH D) H2SO4
2) Which of the following substances will turn red litmus paper blue?A) CH3OH B) NaCl C) LiOH D) H2SO4
3) The compound NaOH can be described as an:A) arrhenius base and an electrolyte C) arrhenius acid and a nonelectrolyteB) arrhenius acid and an electrolyte D) arrhenius base and a nonelectrolyte
4) Which species donates H3O+ ions as the only positive ion in solution?A) HCl B) Mg(OH)2 C) CH4 D) BaF2
5) Given the reaction:
NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl
In this reaction, ammonia molecules (NH3) act as a base because theyA) donate hydroxide ions (OH) C) accept hydrogen ions (H+)B) accept hydroxide ions (OH) D) donate hydrogen ions (H+)