Unit 11Unit 11Latches and Flip-FlopsLatches and Flip-Flops

Ku-Yaw ChangKu-Yaw Changcanseco@mail.dyu.edu.twcanseco@mail.dyu.edu.tw

Assistant Professor, Department of Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Information EngineeringComputer Science and Information Engineering

Da-Yeh UniversityDa-Yeh University

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OutlineOutline

11.111.1 IntroductionIntroduction11.211.2 Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch11.311.3 Gated D LatchGated D Latch11.411.4 Edge-Triggered D Flip-FlopEdge-Triggered D Flip-Flop11.511.5 S-R Flip-FlopS-R Flip-Flop11.611.6 J-K Flip-FlopJ-K Flip-Flop11.711.7 T Flip-FlopT Flip-Flop11.811.8 Flip-Flops with Additional InputsFlip-Flops with Additional Inputs11.911.9 SummarySummary

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IntroductionIntroduction

Sequential switching circuitsSequential switching circuits The output depends onThe output depends on

Present inputPresent input

Past sequence of inputsPast sequence of inputs ‘‘remember’ something about the past history of the remember’ something about the past history of the

inputsinputs

Two commonly used memory devices in Two commonly used memory devices in sequential circuitssequential circuits Latches – no clock inputLatches – no clock input Flip-flopsFlip-flops

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FeedbackFeedback

The output of one of the gates is connected The output of one of the gates is connected back into the input of another gate in the circuit back into the input of another gate in the circuit so as to form a closed loop.so as to form a closed loop.

The rate at which the circuit oscillates is The rate at which the circuit oscillates is determined by the propagation delay in the determined by the propagation delay in the inverter.inverter.

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Two Inverters withTwo Inverters witha Feedback Loopa Feedback Loop

Two stable conditionsTwo stable conditions Often referred to as stable statesOften referred to as stable states

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OutlineOutline

11.111.1 IntroductionIntroduction

11.211.2 Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch11.311.3 Gated D LatchGated D Latch11.411.4 Edge-Triggered D Flip-FlopEdge-Triggered D Flip-Flop11.511.5 S-R Flip-FlopS-R Flip-Flop11.611.6 J-K Flip-FlopJ-K Flip-Flop11.711.7 T Flip-FlopT Flip-Flop11.811.8 Flip-Flops with Additional InputsFlip-Flops with Additional Inputs11.911.9 SummarySummary

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Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch

Introduce feedback into a NOR-gate circuitIntroduce feedback into a NOR-gate circuit S=R=0 is a stable conditionS=R=0 is a stable condition S=1 and R=0 is a stable conditionS=1 and R=0 is a stable condition

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Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch

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Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch

This circuit is said to have memory because This circuit is said to have memory because its output depends not only on the its output depends not only on the present present inputsinputs, but also on the , but also on the past sequence of past sequence of inputsinputs..

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Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch

R = S = 1 is not allowedR = S = 1 is not allowed The outputs P and Q are always complements, The outputs P and Q are always complements,

that is, P = Q’.that is, P = Q’. The circuit is in cross-coupled form.The circuit is in cross-coupled form.

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Set-Reset LatchSet-Reset Latch

An input S = 1 An input S = 1 setssets the output to Q = 1 the output to Q = 1

An input R = 1 An input R = 1 resetsresets the output to Q = 0 the output to Q = 0

R and S cannot be 1 simultaneouslyR and S cannot be 1 simultaneously

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Improper S-R Latch OperationImproper S-R Latch Operation

The latch may continue to oscillate if the gate The latch may continue to oscillate if the gate delays are equal.delays are equal.

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Timing DiagramTiming Diagram

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S-R Latch OperationS-R Latch Operation

S(t)S(t) R(t)R(t) Q(t)Q(t) Q(t+Q(t+))

00 00 00 00

00 00 11 11

00 11 00 00

00 11 11 00

11 00 00 11

11 00 11 11

11 11 00 --

11 11 11 --

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Map and Equation of the LatchMap and Equation of the Latch

Next-state equation, or characteristic equationNext-state equation, or characteristic equation QQ++ = S + R’ Q (SR=0) = S + R’ Q (SR=0)

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S-R Latch ApplicationsS-R Latch Applications

Components in more complex latches and flip-Components in more complex latches and flip-flopsflops

Debouncing switchingDebouncing switching

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S-R LatchS-R Latch

An alternative form of the S-R latch uses An alternative form of the S-R latch uses NAND gatesNAND gates

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S-R LatchS-R Latch

S = 0 will set Q to 1S = 0 will set Q to 1

R = 0 will set Q to 0R = 0 will set Q to 0

S = R = 0 is not allowedS = R = 0 is not allowed

SS RR QQ QQ++

11 11 00 00

11 11 11 11

11 00 00 00

11 00 11 00

00 11 00 11

00 11 11 11

00 00 00 --

00 00 11 --